Suchergebnisse

Few issues have aroused so much public attention and controversy as recent developments in biotechnology. How can we make sound judgements of the cloning of Dolly the sheep, genetically altered foodstuffs, or the prospect of transplanting pigs' hearts into humans? Are we 'playing God' with nature? What is driving these developments, and how can they be made more accountable to the public? Engineering Genesis provides a uniquely informed, balanced and varied insight into these and many other key issues from a working group of distinguished experts - in genetics, agriculture, animal welfare, eth

AbstractThe 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act placed a $10,000 limit on the deductibility of state and local taxes (SALT) for federal tax purposes. This policy change likely increased the cost of home ownership for some households in high‐tax areas. We examine whether these costs were capitalized into the local housing market through slower growth in housing prices. Motivated by the argument that the SALT cap caused some taxpayers to relocate, we also examine whether the cap influenced interstate migration patterns. The cap led to a sizable reduction in home price growth but had no discernable impact on state‐to‐state migration.

This article provides evidence on the incidence of U.S. nontariff measures (NTMs) by investigating the relationship between per capita income and various indicators of NTM use. Collectively, NTMs are found to bear heavily on products of export interest to the poorer countries. Antidumping duty actions and voluntary export restraint agreements primarily target newly industrializing and industrial nations in the middle third of the income scale. The overall protection pattern suggests poorer countries will find it difficult to escape NTMs by attaining higher levels of economic development. Results also provide insight into country and industry‐level determinants of NTM use.(JELF0, F1)

Can expansionary fiscal or monetary policy stimulate the U.S. economy in light of recent events? Using an Error-Correction-Vectorautoregression, we examine the relative effectiveness of both types of governmental stabilization policy. Unlike previous studies, we use a more general error correction vectorautoregression (ECM) approach. Our focus is on determining the relative explanatory power of measures of monetary policy (M2 and the Federal Funds Rate) and fiscal policy (marginal income tax rates and government spending) in explaining movements in consumption, investment, and output. Results suggest that monetary policy is relatively more powerful than fiscal policy.

Feeding the world's growing population in ways that are effective, ethical and socially just, and protect the natural systems on which all life depends is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity. It forms the theme of this book of papers of the 2022 Edinburgh conference of the European Society for Agricultural and Food Ethics (EURSAFE). The dramatic increases in the cost of energy, scarcities in resources and people, stemming from the COVID-19 pandemic and international conflict, have brought home the vulnerability of our interlinked human systems at all levels. Climate change poses deeper longer term threats. Global competition drives fine-tuned and efficient systems, but time-proven local practices may show better resilience in such uncertain futures. The book reflects the sheer diversity of approaches and responses to these challenges, across a wide range of academic disciplines, provoking us to look at the issues in new ways. They reflect the varied standpoints of producers, retailers, regulators, farmers, vets, communities and citizens. The challenge to reach net zero carbon is addressed in papers assessing livestock systems, grasslands, land use and 'rewilding', food choices, meat eating and alternatives. Innovations such as genome editing, uses of seaweed and the use of data pose both possibilities and challenges. Animal ethics is a prominent theme, with a range of papers on animal-human relations, animal use in research and veterinary ethics

Despite the intensifying debate over the taxation of Internet commerce, the relevant issues have not been given a systematic treatment in the context of the literature on optimal taxation. This article presents such an analysis and investigates separately the taxation of business purchases of intermediate goods, the taxation of consumer purchases of final goods and services, and the various issues of administration and compliance costs as they apply to the development of E‐commerce. The authors conclude that generally the optimal tax literature cannot be used in support of a blanket tax exemption for Internet purchases. Certain conditions could lead to the optimality of an exemption, but those conditions are not likely to be met in practice.

Introduction -- What is genetic modification? The science of plant breeding and genetic modification -- Is it wrong to do genetic modification? Theological reflections on genetic modification of crops and food -- Is genetic modification too risky? Environmental and health risks of GM crops -- Does the UK need GM crops? The impact of GM on UK agriculture -- What sort of farming should we adopt? Should we go organic, GM, or what? -- Is GM just a powerful tool in the hands of the powerful? The power structures which drive GM crop technology -- Is GM needed in the developing world? Motives, accountability and priorities -- Reflections: How should we evaluate GM crops and food? -- Resolutions and affirmations of the Evangelical Alliance Policy Commission relating to GM crops and food : conclusions and recommendations

We investigate the factors that contribute to participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, formerly known as the Food Stamp Program) and the effects of such participation on self‐assessed health (SAH). Our estimation approach consists of an endogenous switching ordered probability model, using the copula approach, for a sample of current and former Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) recipients in Tennessee. Results indicate that sociodemographic characteristics play a role in SNAP participation. Interestingly, we find that participation in SNAP is inversely related to SAH. (JEL I12, I38, C31)