Suchergebnisse

Seventy employees at four job levels in a large corporation completed a questionnaire on their office environments six months before and six weeks after moving from a conventional office to an "open-plan" office. Secretarial employees and their supervisors (job level 1) moved from freestanding desks to partly enclosed workspaces. Staff specialists (job level 11) left double offices for individual, doorless enclosures. Managerial employees (job levels Ill and IV) left walled offices for large, doorless enclosures. Neither satisfaction with commu nications nor perceptions of noise changed after relocation, but satisfaction with privacy declined among former occupants of walled offices. The decrease in privacy reflected a decrease in confidentiality of conversation, as shown by the questionnaire and acoustical measurements. Implications for office design are discussed.

We use administrative data from the IRS to examine long-term impacts of childhood Medicaid eligibility expansions on outcomes in adulthood at each age from 19–28. Greater Medicaid eligibility increases college enrollment and decreases fertility, especially through age 21. Starting at age 23, females have higher contemporaneous wage income, although male increases are imprecise. Together, both genders have lower mortality. These adults collect less from the earned income tax credit and pay more in taxes. Cumulatively from ages 19–28, at a 3% discount rate, the federal government recoups 58 cents of each dollar of its "investment" in childhood Medicaid.

Office employees from three job groups-including 88 secretaries, 44 bookkeepers and accountants, and 22 office managers and administrators-completed a questionnaire and had their workspaces measured for the number of partitions, the amount of floorspace, the number of people in the room, and other features. The best single predictor of rated privacy of workspaces for all job groups was the number of partitions around the workspace. Occupants of private offices rated their workspaces most private, but office managers and administrators gave higher ratings than bookkeepers and accountants, who gave higher ratings than secretaries. Results suggested that the three job groups perceived privacy differently, depending on the demands of their work and their control over contact with others. Findings are explained in terms of a three-leveled hterarchy of privacy needs.

Although ischemic heart disease tends to cluster in families, previous studies have reported a modest (2-fold increased risk) to strong (10-fold increased risk) contribution of family history to the explanation of disease occurrence. The authors assessed the familial aggregation of early-onset myocardial infarction in 11,307 adults aged <65 years who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A parental history was more common in those with (n = 237) than in those without (n = 11,070) a myocardial infarction (19.8 vs. 7.9%, p ≤ 0.01). Adults with a parental history were also more likely to have multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease (OR for four or five risk factors compared with none: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.4, 6.3). After multivariate adjustment, the likelihood of myocardial infarction was more than three times greater among adults with a parental history than among those without (95% CI: 1.7, 6.7). A maternal history of myocardial infarction was strongly associated (OR = 6.1, 95% CI: 2.1, 17.4) with an increased likelihood of myocardial infarction, and a paternal history was associated with a 3-fold (95% CI: 1.5, 6.3) increased likelihood of myocardial infarction after adjustment for cardiovascular disease risk factors. These results suggest a familial aggregation of early-onset myocardial infarction and show that family history is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors.