Suchergebnisse

SMED is short for Swedish Environmental Emissions Data, which is a collaboration between IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, SCB Statistics Sweden, SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, and SMHI Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. This study has examined noise exposure on a national scale for Sweden by calculating road and rail noise for the entire country. Calculations have been made according to the Nordic Prediction Method for both road and rail. For aviation noise, data is extracted directly from Swedavias yearly noise report with addition of military flights. Because of the large scale of noise mapping, several simplifications have been made in both data and calculations. For validation, the national noise mapping has been compared to noise data reported to EU via the Environmental Noise Directive (END), indicating a ratio of 0.4-1.5 compared to END data for road in intervals between 52.5 and >72.5 dBa and 1-1.8 for rail for the intervals between 49 and >69 dBA. Since 1998, the Environmental Protection Agency has produced national noise analysis, similar to this one for the years; 1992 (Wittmark, 1992), 1995 (Wittmark, 1997), 2000 (Ingemansson Technology AB , 2002), 2006 (WSP Akustik, 2009), 2011 (SWECO, 2014). Even though the task and method for these previous reports were similar, there are many differences. Therefor a trend analysis is not feasible. There are many aspects that could improve accuracy for future national mapping such as including definition of hard and soft ground effect due to different ground types, estimation of exposure point height using building geometries. Most likely the most important change is to include buildings and noise barriers effects on noise.

This study has examined noise exposure on a national scale for Sweden by calculating road and rail noise for the entire country. Calculations have been made according to the Nordic Prediction Method for both road and rail. For aviation noise, data is extracted directly from Swedavias yearly noise report with addition of military flights. Because of the large scale of noise mapping, several simplifications have been made in both data and calculations. For validation, the national noise mapping has been compared to noise data reported to EU via the Environmental Noise Directive (END), indicating a ratio of 0.4-1.5 compared to END data for road in intervals between 52.5 and >72.5 dBa and 1-1.8 for rail for the intervals between 49 and >69 dBA. The results from the calculated population noise exposure in Sweden 2018 and costs is concluded in the report. Since 1998, the Environmental Protection Agency has produced national noise analysis, similar to this one for the years; 1992 (Wittmark, 1992), 1995 (Wittmark, 1997), 2000 (Ingemansson Technology AB , 2002), 2006 (WSP Akustik, 2009), 2011 (SWECO, 2014). Even though the task and method for these previous reports were similar, there are many differences. Therefor a trend analysis is not feasible. There are many aspects that could improve accuracy for future national mapping such as including definition of hard and soft ground effect due to different ground types, estimation of exposure point height using building geometries. Most likely the most important change is to include buildings and noise barriers effects on noise. ; Denna studie har undersökt bullerexponering på nationell nivå för Sverige från väg-, spår- och flygtrafik. Beräkningar av ljudnivåer har utförts för alla statliga och kommunala vägar samt statliga spår. För flygbuller har resultat använts från Swedavias årliga bullerrapport med tillägg av antalet exponerade för militära flyg. På grund av den stora omfattningen av en nationell bullerkartläggning har flera förenklingar och antaganden gjorts på både underlag och beräkningar. Därför har validering utförts mot det resultat som rapporteras till EU från alla större svenska kommuner i enlighet med det europeiska bullerdirektivet (END). Valideringen indikerar på ett förhållande på 0,4-1,5 för vägtrafikberäkningarna i intervall mellan 52,5 och >72,5 dBA och ett förhållande på 1-1,8 för spårtrafikberäkningarna i intervallen mellan 49 och >69 dBA. Resultatet från den beräknade befolkningsexponeringen i Sverige 2018 och socioekonomisk kostnad presenteras i rapporten. Naturvårdsverket har sedan år 1998, publicerat flera bullerkartläggningar över Sverige gällande år; 1992 (Wittmark, 1992), 1995 (Wittmark, 1997), 2000 (Ingemansson Technology AB , 2002), 2006 (WSP Akustik, 2009), 2011 (SWECO, 2014). Även om syfte och metod har varit liknande mellan tidigare versioner, finns det många stora skillnader i metodikval och antaganden. Det är därför inte rimligt att utföra en trendanalys med data ifrån de föregående rapporterna. Det finns flera aspekter som kan förbättra noggrannheten för framtida nationella bullerkartläggningar. Det inkluderar exempelvis definiering av hård eller mjuk mark på grund av olika marktyper, uppskattning av exponeringspunkters höjd och placering i relation till tredimensionella byggnadsstrukturer. Den metodförbättring som mest sannolikt har störst inverkan på resultatet är införandet av byggnader och bullerskärmars inverkan på buller.