The Geography of Innovation: A Cross-sector Analysis
In: Regional studies: official journal of the Regional Studies Association, Band 34, Heft 3, S. 213-229
ISSN: 1360-0591
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In: Regional studies: official journal of the Regional Studies Association, Band 34, Heft 3, S. 213-229
ISSN: 1360-0591
Governments and regional authorities often express the belief that the key to prosperity and economic expansion is related to the ability of countries to sustain regional clusters of competitiveness and innovation. The book reviews the most important conceptual approaches to the analysis of the emergence, growth and evolution of clusters of innovation. Drawing from the different experiences of industrial districts and high-tech regions such as Silicon Valley, Boston's biotech region and Hsinchu-Taipei, the contributions in this book offer a broad interpretative framework and policy implications for the creations and strengthening of competitive clusters. Themes include: -The wide variety of existing clusters and the diversity on their emergence and growth q The international mobility of factors and demand linkages, -The role of different network types and the social setting, -The accumulation of capabilities on key large actors and the importance of spinoffs and new firm formation, -The role of different learning regimes and sectoral specificities, -The importance of social networks, labor mobility and face to face contacts as vehicles of knowledge spillovers, -Broad implications are drawn for the design of policies to encourage successful economic clusters in developed and developing clusters.
In: Regional studies: official journal of the Regional Studies Association, Band 49, Heft 5, S. 782-797
ISSN: 1360-0591
In: Research Policy, Band 39, Heft 1, S. 14-26
In: Organization science
ISSN: 1526-5455
This study investigates whether an increase in the demand for nonconventional work schedules helps explain the gender gap in career advancement. We look at employees of U.S. firms acquired between 2010 and 2014 and distinguish between same and different time-zone acquisitions. The idea is that time-zone differences between the headquarters and the newly acquired firm increase the demand for and value of working outside the standard working schedule. This, combined with social norms about women's role as caregivers, puts female employees at a disadvantage relative to men. Based on Zephyr-LinkedIn matched data, our results show that women are about 9.5% less likely than men to be promoted in cross-time-zone acquisitions than in same-time-zone acquisitions. The gap rises to 10.6% for managerial occupations, and it is higher for time-zone differences of two and three hours. We discuss the implications of our results for the management, evaluation, and retention of human capital in organizations and, more generally, for gender equality in the workplace. Funding: The authors thank the Editor and three autonomous referees for their comments on previous drafts of the paper. The authors also thank participants to the Strategy Science Virtual Conference 2020, the Strategy, Innovation and Entrepreneurship (SIE) Virtual Seminars held in December 2020, the Wharton Technology and Innovation Conference 2021, and the Work and Organization Workshop held in Madrid in May 2022. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Invernizzi Center for Research on Innovation, Organization, Strategy and Entrepreneurship (ICRIOS) at Bocconi University. S. Breschi also acknowledges financial support through the MUSA – Multilayered Urban Sustainability Action [ECS 000037] and the GRINS – Growing Resilient, INclusive and Sustainable [PE00000018] projects, funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU, under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP). Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.17685 .
In: Organization science, Band 33, Heft 6, S. 2250-2273
ISSN: 1526-5455
How does an employee's centrality in intrafirm research and development activities affect the employee's propensity for outward mobility? Does this proclivity vary by the type of employment the employee seeks: moving to other firms versus founding a new venture? We maintain that, to answer these questions, we must distinguish between an employee's centrality in the intrafirm collaboration network and the employee's centrality in the intrafirm technological recombination network. We utilize the curricula vitae and patent data of corporate inventors at a leading semiconductor company between 1993 and 2012 to test our hypotheses. Contrary to prevailing views, our competing risk model indicates that corporate inventors who are central in the intrafirm collaboration and technological network and, thus, have the most opportunities are less likely to leave the current employer. However, when considering external employment opportunities, their preferences vary. Collaboration-central individuals are more likely to start a new venture than to move to another employer. Their skill in developing interpersonal relationships enables them to attract the tangible and intangible resources needed in a new firm. In contrast, inventors whose technological expertise is central to the firm's technology recombination network are more likely to move to another employer than to start a new venture. In an established firm, they can leverage their technological know-how using the resources that a new venture would lack. Our theory highlights the trade-offs in employees' attempts to take advantage of their internal and external value based on their position within the firm's collaboration and technological networks. Funding: The authors thank LeBow College of Business, SKEMA Business School, and Bocconi University for their financial support. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1535 .
In: Bocconi University Management Research Paper
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In: Forthcoming in Organization Science
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In: Research policy: policy, management and economic studies of science, technology and innovation, Band 47, Heft 9, S. 1585-1600
ISSN: 1873-7625
In: NBER Working Paper No. w24809
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Working paper
In: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Economic Research Working Paper Series No. 17
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In: Research Policy, Band 33, Heft 1, S. 127-145
In: Research policy: policy, management and economic studies of science, technology and innovation, Band 33, Heft 1, S. 127-145
ISSN: 0048-7333
In: Research Policy, Band 32, Heft 1, S. 69-87