Suchergebnisse

Part I: Validity of Directives Chapter 1 General Introduction: the Legislative Competence of the Community; Chapter 2 Legislative Discretion Chapter 3 Legislative Procedures Chapter 4 Legal Basis Chapter 5 Legal Formalities Chapter 6 Substantive Legal Requirements Chapter 7 Challenging the Validity of Directives Chapter 8 Obtaining Damages from the Community Part II: Obligations of Directives Part A - Transposition and Implementation Chapter 9 General Introduction: the Nature and Scope of Obligations Chapter 10 Transposition Chapter 11 Implementation Chapter 12 Defences to Breaches of the Obligation to Implement Part B - Remedies for Breach of Obligations Chapter 13 Enforcing Obligations by Direct Action Chapter 14 Direct Effect; Chapter 15 Damages; Chapter 16 Restitution, Injunctions, Declarations Part III: Meaning of Directives Chapter 17 General introduction: the Function of Interpretation Chapter 18 Interpretation and the Court of Justice Chapter 19 Interpretation and the English Courts Chapter 20 The Duty to Interpret and the Meaning of National Legislation Chapter 21 References to the Court of Justice

"The substantial increase in the complexity of global supply chains and other production arrangements over the last three decades has challenged some traditional measures of national income accounts aggregates and raised the potential for distortions in conventional calculations of GDP and productivity. This volume examines a variety of multinational business activities, including how multinational enterprises arrange their financing and assign ownership of intellectual property to avoid tax and regulatory burdens, and assesses their impact on economic measurement. Several chapters consider how global supply chains complicate the interpretation of traditional trade statistics, and how new techniques, such as extended supply and use tables, can provide new information about global production arrangements. Other chapters examine the role of intangible capital in global production, including the intangible output of factoryless goods producers and the problems of measuring R&D in a globalized world. The studies in this volume also explore ways to enhance the quality of the national accounts by improving data collection and analysis and by updating the standards for measurement."