Suchergebnisse

Summary
A large survey of German (IV = 3 403) and Israeli (N = 2 513) younger (age 11-14 yrs) and older (age 14-18 yrs) adolescents was conducted to reveal (a) their opinions and attitudes towards violence and aggression, (b) their personal engagement in aggressive and violent behaviors in and outside the school environment, (c) their attitudes toward physical activity, (d) their engagement in physical activity, and (e) the linkage between physical activity engagement and conductance of violence and aggression. The findings point out that there are more similarities than differences between German and Israeli adolescents concerning violence and aggression in and outside schools. No linkage between physical activity involvement and the extent of violent and/or aggressive acts is found. The findings pertaining adolescents' opinions and attitudes toward aggression and violence and their behaviors in and outside school are encouraging.

BACKGROUND: Despite various national and international political initiatives for promoting physical activity at the population level, the development of effective interventions for physical activity promotion remains a challenge. In this context, there is a growing interest in participatory approaches that actively involve central setting actors in the development of specific measures. AIM OF THE ARTICLE: This article reports on the experience made by the Capital4Health research consortium while using a participatory approach called "cooperative planning" to increase capabilities for physical activity across different age groups. RESULTS: Capital4Health employed the cooperative planning approach in the childcare, school, vocational training (car mechatronics and nursing), and community setting (with a focus on men 50+). While the central elements of the approach were implemented in all settings, planning processes varied significantly with respect to the spectrum of involved actors, the number of participants and sessions, the specific measures developed, the evaluation methods, and the effects achieved at an individual and systems level. CONCLUSION: From the perspective of the Capital4Health principal investigators, the preliminary empirical results from the different settings allow for the overall conclusion that the cooperative planning approach can work and generate health promotion impact in very different settings. However, it must (and can) be adapted to the respective setting, especially in relation to involving population groups. Actors' readiness for change is crucial, as physical activity does not always have top priority in settings. In this context, key individuals can make a decisive contribution to a project's success.

Public interest in scientific knowledge is unbroken – yet it is increasingly characterised by scepticism towards research results. This edited volume brings together interdisciplinary perspectives on the topic of misconduct and fraud in science. The contributions deal with the dissemination of and reasons for misconduct, the consequences, as well as prevention options. The volume provides food for thought on how we want to conduct science in the future. Das öffentliche Interesse an wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen ist ungebrochen – dennoch ist es zunehmend von einer Skepsis gegenüber Forschungsergebnissen gekennzeichnet. Der Sammelband bündelt interdisziplinäre Perspektiven auf das Thema Fehlverhalten und Betrug in der Wissenschaft. Die Beiträge befassen sich mit der Verbreitung von und den Gründen für Fehlverhalten, den Folgen sowie Präventionsmöglichkeiten. Der Band gibt Anregungen für das Nachdenken darüber, wie wir in Zukunft Wissenschaft betreiben wollen.