The island Goli otok (north Adriatic, Croatia) cultural landscape is a complex system of interactions between people and nature, which has arisen through the anthropogenic use of this unique natural space with the aim of implementing ideas of the ideological re-education of political prisoners between 1949 and 1956, and the punishment of criminals and some political prisoners between 1956 and 1988. The most significant elements of the cultural landscape of the island are comprised of the anthropogenic structures of the political prison camp which deliberately used the natural features of the landscape in such a way as to enable methods of coercion of prisoners, which finally resulted in the unique identity of the space as a unit.
Kulturni krajolik Golog otoka složeni je sustav međudjelovanja ljudi i prirode, nastao antropogenim korištenjem specifičnog prirodnog prostora u cilju provođenja ideje ideološkog preodgoja političkih zatvorenika od 1949. do 1956. te kažnjavanja kriminalnih i nekih političkih zatvorenika od 1956. do 1988. godine. Najznačajniji element kulturnog krajolika otoka čine antropogene strukture političkog logora koje su ciljano koristile prirodna obilježja krajolika na način da omoguće razrađene metode prisile nad kažnjenicima, što je u konačnosti rezultiralo specifičnim i prepoznatljivim identitetom prostora kao cjeline. ; The island Goli otok (north Adriatic, Croatia) cultural landscape is a complex system of interactions between people and nature, which has arisen through the anthropogenic use of this unique natural space with the aim of implementing ideas of the ideological re-education of political prisoners between 1949 and 1956, and the punishment of criminals and some political prisoners between 1956 and 1988. The most significant elements of the cultural landscape of the island are comprised of the anthropogenic structures of the political prison camp which deliberately used the natural features of the landscape in such a way as to enable methods of coercion of prisoners, which finally resulted in the unique identity of the space as a unit.
Industrijska baština važan je segment u ekonomskome, povijesnome i kulturnome identitetu suvremenoga europskog društva. Znatan dio industrijske baštine čine objekti koji su ostali nakon rudarenja mineralnih sirovina ili eksploatacije nafte. Štoviše, zemlje koje nemaju jako razvijenu rudarsku i naftnu djelatnost ipak njeguju tu vrstu industrijske baštine. Geološka baština bitna je za razumijevanje naravi prirode, njezina većeg vrednovanja te njezine bolje zaštite. Rudarska je djelatnost uvijek imala važnu gospodarsku ulogu, ali njezina se percepcija u modernome društvu promijenila zbog sve većih zahtjeva za očuvanjem okoliša vezanih za europski zeleni plan i prilagodbu europske ekonomije održivoj budućnosti. Međutim, rudarska baština ne mora biti negativno prihvaćena u javnosti, ona danas itekako može postati atrakcija koja pridonosi razvoju turizma te na taj način čuva tu vrstu nasljeđa za dobrobit cjelokupne zajednice. U ovome se radu pojašnjava prvi put korišten pojam "geotehnološka baština" kao novi pojam koji spaja rudarsku, geološku i naftnu baštinu zbog njihove prirodne međusobne povezanosti i isprepletenosti. Pored toga, dan je pregled nedovoljno cijenjene hrvatske geotehnološke baštine u eksploataciji kamena i drugih nemetalnih mineralnih sirovina, ugljena, mineralnih sirovina za proizvodnju kovina i u eksploataciji nafte. Za razliku od Hrvatske potencijal geotehnološke baštine prepoznat je i iskorišten u većemu dijelu Europe. S obzirom na to Hrvatska ima dobru priliku za razvoj toga tipa baštine na temelju iskustva uspješnijih članica Europske unije. ; Industrial heritage plays an important role in the economical, historical, and cultural identity of contemporary European society. A significant part of the industrial heritage consists of historical buildings which have remained after mining and petroleum exploitation. Moreover, industrial heritage can be also nurtured in countries in which mining and petroleum activities are not fully developed. It is inevitably associated with geological heritage. Furthermore, geological heritage is essential for a better understanding of nature, its wider appreciation and better protection. Mining has always played a significant industrial role, but it has recently lost its significance due to increasing environmental requirements regarding the European green deal and transforming the economy for a sustainable future. However, old mining and petroleum heritage sites can become attractions and they can contribute to the development of tourism and the community itself. A new term "geotechnological heritage", presented in this paper, is related to mining, geological and petroleum heritage due to their significant interaction. This paper presents the used and unused touristic potential of heritage on selected sites in the Republic of Croatia. In addition, an analysis of the Croatian undervalued geotechnological heritage has been performed after the exploitation of stone and other nonmetallics, coal, metals, and petroleum. Unlike Croatia, the potential of geotechnological heritage has been recognized and exploited in most European countries. Therefore, Croatia has a great opportunity to develop heritage based on the experience of more successful members of the European Union.
Industrial heritage plays an important role in the economical, historical, and cultural identity of contemporary European society. A significant part of the industrial heritage consists of historical buildings which have remained after mining and petroleum exploitation. Moreover, industrial heritage can be also nurtured in countries in which mining and petroleum activities are not fully developed. It is inevitably associated with geological heritage. Furthermore, geological heritage is essential for a better understanding of nature, its wider appreciation and better protection. Mining has always played a significant industrial role, but it has recently lost its significance due to increasing environmental requirements regarding the European green deal and transforming the economy for a sustainable future. However, old mining and petroleum heritage sites can become attractions and they can contribute to the development of tourism and the community itself. A new term "geotechnological heritage", presented in this paper, is related to mining, geological and petroleum heritage due to their significant interaction. This paper presents the used and unused touristic potential of heritage on selected sites in the Republic of Croatia. In addition, an analysis of the Croatian undervalued geotechnological heritage has been performed after the exploitation of stone and other nonmetallics, coal, metals, and petroleum. Unlike Croatia, the potential of geotechnological heritage has been recognized and exploited in most European countries. Therefore, Croatia has a great opportunity to develop heritage based on the experience of more successful members of the European Union. ; Industrijska baština važan je segment u ekonomskome, povijesnome i kulturnome identitetu suvremenoga europskog društva. Znatan dio industrijske baštine čine objekti koji su ostali nakon rudarenja mineralnih sirovina ili eksploatacije nafte. Štoviše, zemlje koje nemaju jako razvijenu rudarsku i naftnu djelatnost ipak njeguju tu vrstu industrijske baštine. Geološka baština bitna je za razumijevanje naravi prirode, njezina većeg vrednovanja te njezine bolje zaštite. Rudarska je djelatnost uvijek imala važnu gospodarsku ulogu, ali njezina se percepcija u modernome društvu promijenila zbog sve većih zahtjeva za očuvanjem okoliša vezanih za europski zeleni plan i prilagodbu europske ekonomije održivoj budućnosti. Međutim, rudarska baština ne mora biti negativno prihvaćena u javnosti, ona danas itekako može postati atrakcija koja pridonosi razvoju turizma te na taj način čuva tu vrstu nasljeđa za dobrobit cjelokupne zajednice. U ovome se radu pojašnjava prvi put korišten pojam "geotehnološka baština" kao novi pojam koji spaja rudarsku, geološku i naftnu baštinu zbog njihove prirodne međusobne povezanosti i isprepletenosti. Pored toga, dan je pregled nedovoljno cijenjene hrvatske geotehnološke baštine u eksploataciji kamena i drugih nemetalnih mineralnih sirovina, ugljena, mineralnih sirovina za proizvodnju kovina i u eksploataciji nafte. Za razliku od Hrvatske potencijal geotehnološke baštine prepoznat je i iskorišten u većemu dijelu Europe. S obzirom na to Hrvatska ima dobru priliku za razvoj toga tipa baštine na temelju iskustva uspješnijih članica Europske unije.
Industrial heritage plays an important role in the economical, historical, and cultural identity of contemporary European society. A significant part of the industrial heritage consists of historical buildings which have remained after mining and petroleum exploitation. Moreover, industrial heritage can be also nurtured in countries in which mining and petroleum activities are not fully developed. It is inevitably associated with geological heritage. Furthermore, geological heritage is essential for a better understanding of nature, its wider appreciation and better protection. Mining has always played a significant industrial role, but it has recently lost its significance due to increasing environmental requirements regarding the European green deal and transforming the economy for a sustainable future. However, old mining and petroleum heritage sites can become attractions and they can contribute to the development of tourism and the community itself. A new term "geotechnological heritage", presented in this paper, is related to mining, geological and petroleum heritage due to their significant interaction. This paper presents the used and unused touristic potential of heritage on selected sites in the Republic of Croatia. In addition, an analysis of the Croatian undervalued geotechnological heritage has been performed after the exploitation of stone and other nonmetallics, coal, metals, and petroleum. Unlike Croatia, the potential of geotechnological heritage has been recognized and exploited in most European countries. Therefore, Croatia has a great opportunity to develop heritage based on the experience of more successful members of the European Union.
