Suchergebnisse

The competitiveness of regions, as a means of promoting the competitiveness of a country as a whole, has been one of the main topics on the agenda of policy makers over the last decades. Several attempts at promoting competitiveness have been made with different degrees of success. In most cases, public investment in the regions was perceived as the solution to promote regional competitiveness and top-down policies were implemented. However, competitiveness also has an important dimension that is not related to public investment and depends instead on the cultural and institutional norms of a region. These regional characteristics are not easily addressed by traditional regional policies and require the study of cognitive processes and sociological and anthropological issues. Over recent years regional development has emphasised the importance of endogenous development. From this point of view, national or local governments' policies must recognise that competitiveness not only comes from public investment in physical infrastructures but also depends on the behaviour, attitudes and capabilities of local entrepreneurs within the business environment. The scientific literature has been unanimous in showing that business networks carry advantages for regional competitiveness. Several key issues are raised regarding this issue including trust, local culture, and transaction costs. The networking of activities gains special emphasis with respect to SMEs. In most cases the regional economy depends on these firms and they are frequently seen as a key element within regional development. Also these firms depend much more on potential networks to gain advantages in information and expertise and often require joint ventures with respect to R&D activities. This paper will address the advantages of networking and its contribution to regional development as a way of promoting competitiveness. In so doing it will analyse the factors that lead entrepreneurs to co-operate and apply these findings in the context of regional and national economic development. Keywords: Network form of organisation, Local development, Trust, Co-operation.

It is widely known that regional disparities do not lead to economic growth. By this, it is meant that convergence among regions might be responsible for a propensity to national growth. In the same way, if there is a sub regional division (with different economic realities) the same phenomenon should be verified. Thus, sub-regional convergence should lead to regional growth. This regional desegregation of space is (in political terms) varies from country to country. In the Portuguese reality, one of the most accepted divisions is made by NUTs, with three level of desegregation. NUTs level 3 are still desegregated in municipalities (which are a small portion of space that usually share the same economic and social reality). The theoretical study of convergence relies on the use of a few measures. On of the best known is the β convergence: conditional and unconditional. The conclusions obtained in a previous study (by the same author) showed that conditional convergence improves the results for the study of convergence. This measure estimates convergence as a function of GDP (in purchasing power parity) and a battery of exogenous variables that contain information about technological level, industrial structure, human capital qualification, social conditions, etc. In order to attain information for this battery of exogenous variables it is used a proxy variable, which is the Human Development Index (HDI). This variable is pulished by UNDP every year and allows the international comparision of living conditions between countries. The Portuguese government uses the same approach to calculate a HDI for all municipalities. The estimation of conditional β convergence is made by a non-linear model regression, which is widely used in the theoretical economic study of convergence. Besides this estimation, other forms of regional convergence study will be applied, permitting a deeper analysis. The aim of this work is to estimate convergence in terms of Portuguese nuts and to verify whether it is true that regions with higher convergence speed rate also experiment higher growth rates. If this is true, this could constitute a policy opportunity, since governments should stimulate regional convergence, in order to attain national economic growth.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figure -- List of Tables -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Stakeholder Entrepreneurship: The Role of Partnerships -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Overview of Chapters -- 1.3 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Stakeholder Entrepreneurship: A Theory -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Entrepreneurship -- 2.3 Meaning of a Stakeholder -- 2.4 Expanding the Definition of Stakeholder -- 2.5 The Distinctiveness of Stakeholder Entrepreneurship -- 2.6 Entrepreneurial Knowledge in Stakeholder Relationships -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Entrepreneurial Marketing and Its Relationship on Business Competitiveness in Footwear and Agro Industries of Small and Medium Industries -- 3.1 Background -- 3.1.1 Overview of MSMEs in Indonesia -- 3.1.2 Roles and Problems of MSMEs -- 3.2 Literature Review -- 3.2.1 Definitions of MSMEs -- 3.2.2 Entrepreneurial Marketing -- 3.2.3 Competitiveness -- 3.3 Implementation of Entrepreneurial Marketing in MSMEs -- 3.3.1 Application of Entrepreneurial Marketing in the Footwear Industry in the Bogor Region -- 3.3.2 Empowerment of Agro-Based Industrial Cluster MSMEs in Facing AEC Through the Entrepreneurial Marketing Approach -- 3.3.3 Fruit Processing Industry Cluster -- 3.3.4 Milk Processing Industry Cluster -- 3.3.5 Fish Processing Industry Cluster -- 3.3.6 Agro Industry Competitiveness Capability Towards AEC -- 3.4 Concluding Remarks -- Appendices -- Appendix 1: Definition of Entreprenual Marketing -- Appendix 2: Differences in the Concept of Conventional Marketing and Entrepreneurial Marketing -- References -- Chapter 4: The Role of Stakeholders in Thermal Tourism: A Bibliography Review -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Methodology -- 4.3 The Concept of Thermal Tourism -- 4.4 Determinant Factors of Thermal Tourism -- 4.5 Thermal Variables in Study -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References.

Regional Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Sustainability – Rethinking the Helix In an increasingly global and feverish economy, regional cartography is not always sufficiently documented and discussed. At the same time, the narrative "trial-mistake" is often discouraged, considering that when success emerges one should hide hypothetical errors. In a scenario, in which the new industry paradigms and value-adding processes require a critical reflection on the sustainability of entrepreneurial ecosystems and on the relations between firms, governments, society and the processes of knowledge creation emerges the 4th International congress of Regional Helix, under the topic "Regional Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Sustainability - Rethinking the Helix". Since its creation, the Regional Helix conference emphasizes the importance of cooperation and this edition is no exception and it results from a joint organization between the School of Technology and Management of the Polytechnic of Porto, through its research center (CIICESI), of the Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, NECE (research center of the Department of Economics and Management of the University of Beira Interior) and University of Trás os Montes and Alto Douro. The participation of several researchers from national and international institutions is an important step in the achievement of these aims. We are pleased to welcome colleagues from countries across the globe. We believe that this multiplicity reflects the interest that regional entrepreneurial ecosystems and sustainability issues have transversely across the world. Finally, we would like to call your attention to the several publication opportunities that Regional Helix 2019 bring to you, and we invite all colleagues to submit their papers for the publications that better fit their research. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The Role of Tourism Entrepreneurship in the Iberian Peninsula -- Tourism Services Innovation Ecosystem: A Multicriteria Model Approach Based on Portuguese Higher Education -- Tourist Experience in Rural Areas in Portugal: The Case of the "Quadrilátero Do Minho" -- Spirituality and Mindful Tourism: Experiencing Innovative Hispanic Cases -- Considerations About the Economic Sustainability of Historic Housing Tourism -- Cooperation as a Basic Strategy for New Dynamics of a Cross-Border Destination: The Case of the Euroregion Galicia and Northern Portugal -- The Presence of Rural Accommodation in Extremadura on Facebook: An Approach to Its Intensity of Use Through a Grouping Analysis -- Place-Linked Products and Creative Tourism in Iberian Regions -- The Rise of Half-Tourists and their Impact on the Tourism Strategies of Peripheral Territories -- Determinants of Profitability in the Tourism Sector in Portugal -- Good Practices Within the European Project Smart Rural -- Tourism Events: Bringing Innovation to the North of Portugal -- Entrepreneurship Education in Portuguese Tourism: Fostering Ideation, Innovation and Initiative -- Factors Affecting Portuguese and Spanish Hotel Guests' Safety Perception Under COVID-19: Insights for the Development of Personalized Hotel Offers.

Brazil is a large country in terms of geographic land mass and population size. Its position in Latin America means that it contributes to much of the economic development within this area. Despite the importance of Brazil in the global economy, not much research has been highlighted about entrepreneurship in the country. This book aims to change this by focusing on Brazil in terms of entrepreneurial endeavours and pursuits. This includes focusing on the rural and urban areas in terms of entrepreneurial practices. Each chapter in the book will focus on a different aspect of entrepreneurship in Brazil including how culture, ethnicity and wealth influence entrepreneurship. Thereby taking a holistic perspective in terms of including both financial and non-financial forms of entrepreneurship. Interesting topics such as sustainable and environmental forms of entrepreneurship will be examined from a Brazilian perspective together with technological forms of entrepreneurship evident in the growth of smart cities within the region. This book will be amongst the first to holistically examine the contemporary hardships and successes of entrepreneurship in Brazil.

Tourism Innovation: A Spanish and Portuguese Perspective -- A Real or (Only) Aesthetic Narrative: An Approach to CSR Online Communications from Portuguese Hotels -- Cooperation Networks in Tourism and Hospitality: An Analysis Applied to Health and Wellness Tourism Product in Portugal -- A Perspective of Competitiveness and Tourist Innovation in the Hotel Sector of Madeira Island -- Innovation on Research Methods: Geotagged Photos as a Proxy Tool to Map Heritage and Cultural Ecosystem Services Hotspots -- Green-Sphere Circular Experiences and Well-Being Along the Road: Portugal from North to South -- Determining Factors in the Choice of Apartments in Portugal: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis -- Hospitality in Holiday Rentals: Guest Satisfaction -- Surfing the Innovation Waves: Surf Tourism in Portugal -- Exploring the Impacts of Innovation on the Business Efficiency of Small- and Medium-Sized Hotel Enterprises: Empirical Evidence from Spain.

O presente estudo visa elucidar o pensamento social e os estereótipos que cariocas e baianos possuem a respeito de viagens turísticas a partir de um estudo quase-experimental no qual foram ativados diferentes perfis de turistas/viajantes, verificando uma causalidade a partir da variável-critério (ato de viajar). Os resultados do estudo apontaram para uma valorização do grupo externo (estereótipo positivo) e uma menor valorização do próprio grupo (estereótipo negativo) na perspectiva dos respondentes de ambos os grupos estudados, ratificando a ideia de que as Representações Sociais gerenciam os estereótipos, explicando uma semelhança na estruturação do Pensamento Social. Neste sentido, torna-se fundamental salientar que esta pesquisa também teve como objetivo a integração dos modelos de cognição e modelos do pensamento social, proporcionando, assim, uma maior compreensão dos fenômenos psicossociais, uma vez que há uma interligação dos conceitos desses dois campos epistemológicos.

AbstractThe fourth sector, which is composed of "for‐benefit" enterprises, can play a fundamental and positive role for the community, particularly in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. It supports public organizations and protects disadvantaged populations. Further research is suggested on the cross‐sectoral collaboration based on non‐profit motivations during the pandemic.

Geotourism as promoter of sustainability development: A systematic review and research agenda -- The Estrela UNESCO Global Geopark Territorial Development Strategy: a holistic vision for the 21st Century -- Leveraging landscape: The first four years of UNESCO Global Geopark Odsherred -- Geopark certification as an efficient form of Sustainability Management of a Geotourism Destination -- The management of Arouca Geopark ´s Route of Geosites: a strategic geologically based product in a geotourism destination -- Geotourism and Destination Brand Selection: Does Social Media Matter?.

Artisan Entrepreneurshipanalyses handicraft enterprise using different approaches at an individual, group and societal point of view, providing a better understanding about how these workers contribute to societal wellbeing and aid cultural heritage preservation for future generations.

Intro -- Contents -- Contributors -- Sustainable Entrepreneurship: The Role of Collaboration in the Global Economy -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sustainable Entrepreneurship -- 3 Sustainable Development -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Entrepreneurial Activity and Its Determinants: Findings from African Developing Countries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Data and Sample -- 4 Descriptive Evidence -- 4.1 Entrepreneurial Activity -- 4.2 Economic Indicators and Business Environment -- 5 Empirical Approach -- 6 Results and Discussion -- 7 Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Research -- References -- Culture as Opportunity: Skilled Migration and Entrepreneurship in Australia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Defining Entrepreneurship -- 3 Why Immigrant Entrepreneurship? -- 4 Conceptualising Immigrant Entrepreneurship: Push and Pull Motivations -- 5 Methodology -- 6 Comparing Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Australia -- 6.1 Case One: A Building and Construction Magnate -- 6.2 Case Two: A Bangladeshi Community Grocery Store Owner -- 6.3 Case Three: A South African Design Venture -- 6.4 Case Four: A First-Generation Entrepreneur from India -- 7 Towards Opportunity Entrepreneurship -- 8 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations -- References -- Technology Entrepreneurship and Gender in Emerging Countries -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 3 Research Methodology -- 3.1 Sample and Data -- 3.2 Definition of Variables -- 4 Results and Discussion -- 4.1 Univariate Analysis -- 4.2 Multivariate Analysis -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Opening the ``Black Box´´ of the Marketing/Entrepreneurship Interface Through an Under-investigated Community -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Literature Review -- 2.1 Segmentation and Targeting for Ethnic Firms: Mixed Results -- 2.1.1 For a Narrower Targeting -- 2.1.2 For a Wider Targeting -- 2.2 The Relational Dimension.

AbstractMinority groups contribute to the economic growth and development of local, regional, and national economies.