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Climate Policies: A Burden or a Gain?
In: CESifo Working Paper Series No. 4147
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Coalition Theory and Integrated Assessment Modeling: Lessons for Climate Governance
In: Global Environmental Commons, S. 162-179
Family Altruism with Renewable Resource and Population Growth
In: Mathematical population studies: an international journal of mathematical demography, Band 16, Heft 1, S. 60-78
ISSN: 1547-724X
Environmental performance and equilibrium
In: The Canadian journal of economics: the journal of the Canadian Economics Association = Revue canadienne d'économique, Band 40, Heft 4, S. 1078-1099
ISSN: 1540-5982
Abstract. In this paper we show why firms' or industries' rankings in terms of environmental performance depend not only on the technology but also on market equilibrium. Between two industries committed to the same environmental constraint, the more eco‐efficient is the one with the higher output level. By comparing industries and firms, we show that the rankings are not robust, for they are affected by market outcome. The role of eco‐efficiency in firms' profitability in equilibrium is also scrutinized. All this shows that the usual eco‐efficiency indicators are inadequate. To tackle this problem, we propose a sound indicator.
The race for polluting permits
International markets for tradable emission permits (TEP) co-exist with national energy taxation. A firm trading emission permits in the international market also pays energy taxes in its host country, thus creating an interaction between the international TEP-market and national energy taxes. In this paper we model that interaction in a framework of a perfectly competitive international TEP-market, where heterogeneous firms trade their TEP endowments. National governments set energy taxes non-cooperatively so as to maximize fiscal revenue from energy and profit taxes. We identify the driving forces behind Nash equilibrium taxes. We show how they depend on the total amount of TEPs in the market, on firms TEP-endowment and on the number of participating countries. We also show how energy taxation varies with the introduction of the market on a previously unregulated world. Finally, we highlight the fact that the TEP-market does not achieve abatement cost efficiency, despite its being perfectly competitive.
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The race for polluting permits
International markets for tradable emission permits (TEP) co-exist with national energy taxation. A firm trading emission permits in the international market also pays energy taxes in its host country, thus creating an interaction between the international TEP-market and national energy taxes. In this paper we model that interaction in a framework of a perfectly competitive international TEP-market, where heterogeneous firms trade their TEP endowments. National governments set energy taxes non-cooperatively so as to maximize fiscal revenue from energy and profit taxes. We identify the driving forces behind Nash equilibrium taxes. We show how they depend on the total amount of TEPs in the market, on firms TEP-endowment and on the number of participating countries. We also show how energy taxation varies with the introduction of the market on a previously unregulated world. Finally, we highlight the fact that the TEP-market does not achieve abatement cost efficiency, despite its being perfectly competitive.
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The contribution of the clean development mechanism to national climate policies
In: Journal of policy modeling: JPMOD ; a social science forum of world issues, Band 28, Heft 9, S. 981-994
ISSN: 0161-8938
The contribution of the clean development mechanism to national climate policies
In: Journal of policy modeling: JPMOD ; a social science forum of world issues, Band 28, Heft 9, S. 981-994
ISSN: 0161-8938
Numéro 66 - février 2009
La gestion du bruit autour de l'aéroport est un vrai problème politique depuis plusieurs années. C'est aussi un vrai problème économique. En 2005, le Service de Médiation pour l'Aéroport de Bruxelles-National, a enregistré 223.000 plaintes. Les autorités en charge de cette question ont eu beaucoup de difficulté à gérer ces conflits et peinent à trouver des solutions efficaces. D'un autre côté, l'aéroport a clôturé l'année 2005 sur un bénéfice de 160 millions d'euros avec un chiffre d'affaires de 324 millions d'euros. L'aéroport fournit de l'emploi à quelque 20.000 personnes. Pour contribuer au débat, nous avons réalisé une étude permettant d'évaluer de manière objective l'ampleur de la nuisance sonore telle qu'elle est perçue par les riverains. Le principe de cette méthode consiste à quantifier la valeur attachée à la nuisance sonore par l'observation du comportement des ménages lors de l'achat des maisons. On suppose que les individus vont consentir à l'achat d'une maison soumise à la nuisance à condition que son prix soit plus faible qu'une maison comparable en tous points (superficie, nombre de pièces, proximité à des facilités, etc.), mais située dans une zone sans nuisance. En observant les prix des transactions immobilières, on peut donc attribuer une valeur monétaire à la nuisance telle qu'elle est perçue par les individus. En cela, cette méthode fournit une évaluation objective de la nuisance subjective. Nous répondons ainsi à trois questions. Le coût de cette nuisance sonore pour les riverains de l'aéroport est-il si important que cela ? Comment ce coût est-il réparti entre les différentes zones de bruit ? Que représente le coût des nuisances par rapport aux bénéfices que l'aéroport apporte à la collectivité ? Les réponses sont les suivantes: L'ampleur de la nuisance s'avère faible. Chaque décibel supplémentaire se traduit en moyenne par une réduction de 0,9% du prix des maisons. Sur base de ce résultat, on évalue que le dommage social total associé au bruit s'élevait à 10 millions d'euros en 2005. Le coût des nuisances sonores pour les riverains de l'aéroport semble donc beaucoup plus faible que les avantages que l'aéroport procure à la collectivité. Le coût des nuisances sonores est cependant très inégalement reparti entre les individus: la zone 70-75 dB(A), la plus bruyante, engendre un coût trois fois supérieur à celui de la zone 60-65 dB(A), et six fois supérieure à celle de la zone 55-60 dB(A), la moins bruyante. Le paradoxe est que, compte tenu du nombre de personnes exposées, la zone la plus bruyante ne représente que 0,4% du dommage global tandis que la zone la moins exposée représente 72% de ce dommage.
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Environmental Policy in a Dynamic Model with Heterogeneous Agents and Voting
In: Dynamic Modeling and Econometrics in Economics and Finance; Dynamic Optimization in Environmental Economics, S. 37-60
Adaptation and Mitigation in Long-term Climate Policy
In: Environmental and resource economics, Band 55, Heft 2, S. 217-243
ISSN: 1573-1502
Environmental maintenance in a dynamic model with heterogenous agents
We assume a population of infinitely-lived households of the economy split into two groups : one with a high discount factor (the patient) and one with a low one (the impatient). The environmental quality is deteriorated by firm's polluting emissions. The governmental policy consists in proposing households to vote for a tax aimed at environmental maintenance. We study the voting equilibrium at steady states. The resulting equilibrium maintenance is the one of the median voter. We show that (i) an increase in total factor productivity may produce effects described by the Environmental Kuznets Curve, (ii) an increase in the patience of impatient households may foster environmental quality if the median voter is impatient and maintenance positive, (iii) a decrease in inequality among the patient households leads to an increase in environmental quality if the median voter is patient and maintenance is positive. We also show that, if the median income is lower than the mean, our model predict lower level of environmental quality than the representative agent model, and that increasing public debt decreases the level of environmental quality.
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Environmental maintenance in a dynamic model with heterogenous agents
We assume a population of infinitely-lived households of the economy split into two groups : one with a high discount factor (the patient) and one with a low one (the impatient). The environmental quality is deteriorated by firm's polluting emissions. The governmental policy consists in proposing households to vote for a tax aimed at environmental maintenance. We study the voting equilibrium at steady states. The resulting equilibrium maintenance is the one of the median voter. We show that (i) an increase in total factor productivity may produce effects described by the Environmental Kuznets Curve, (ii) an increase in the patience of impatient households may foster environmental quality if the median voter is impatient and maintenance positive, (iii) a decrease in inequality among the patient households leads to an increase in environmental quality if the median voter is patient and maintenance is positive. We also show that, if the median income is lower than the mean, our model predict lower level of environmental quality than the representative agent model, and that increasing public debt decreases the level of environmental quality.
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