Suchergebnisse

Faced with global depression and political readjustments in the late 1980s, all states in Africa have been trying to implement major reforms. For socialist régimes, however, the demands have been the more daunting since these changes have often directly threatened the ideology (and the aspirations) of creating a more egalitarian social order in the wake of colonial rule. Their states faced fundamental social, economic, and ideological transformations, as well as political reconstruction; what was required was no less than the replacement of a socialist with a capitalist market economy, and corresponding alterations in property relations that involved enterprises such as peasant holdings, small family firms, and co-operatives, as well as large-scale farms, factories, and plants under state control. These reforms not only affected the lives of ordinary people, but also reshaped the power and privileges of the government, party leaders, and others directly dependent upon the state.

In 1989, Mozambique continued to be squeezed by two major forces: the South African-backed Renamo and the pressing demands of the International Monetary Fund for further economic reforms. The paper discusses the economic crisis of the country, the fifth party congress of the Frelimo, President Chissano's peace initiative to end the country's 14-year-old war, continuation of this war among other topics. (DÜI-Sen)