Suchergebnisse

Since 2011, the CGIAR program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) has supported research in different parts of the world on how climate-smart technologies, practices and information can address the challenge of transitioning to climatesmart agriculture at a large scale under the new realities of climate change. The working paper critically examines how CCAFS researchers have conceptualized and practiced the scaling of climate-smart agriculture interventions. The review of CCAFS research is complemented by a discussion of some of the recent social science literature on scaling and closely related topics, such as (diffusion of) innovation and institutionalization. Although more recently the conceptual, methodological and practical challenges related to scaling of climate-smart agriculture have received more attention, there remains a need for the development of a more coherent theory of scaling informed by insights from sociology, political sciences and gender studies.

1 ilus. ; Durante el 2001, con la cooperación agroforestal de CATIE-DANIDA y del Proyecto SIMO se han realizado talleres de planificación con las RAF de Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador y Nicaragua, como instancias de reflexión del quehacer de cada una de ellas. Se utilizaron herramientas básicas de planificación estratégica y el enfoque del marco lógico, indicando cómo se conectan la planificación estratégica, la planificación a mediano plazo y la planificación operativa, generando productos como: análisis FODA, como fortaleza destaca la capacidad técnica del personal y la credibilidad; debilidades, como la falta de identidad jurídica, la incapacidad de presentar propuestas de financiamiento; oportunidades, amplio campo de acción, pocas instituciones especializadas en agroforestería; amenazas, inestabilidad de las instituciones miembros, poco apoyo gubernamental, políticas inadecuadas. Posteriormente se definió la visión a largo plazo, así como la misión y los objetivos a cumplir. Además la formulación de un plan operativo anual para cada red.

5 ilustraciones, 3 tabulaciones, 14 referencias, 8 páginas. ; Los corredores biológicos son estrategias de conservación que buscan restablecer la conectividad en paisajes fragmentados a fin de conservar la biodiversidad y mantener las funciones ecosistémicas que proveen servicios ambientales a las personas. En Costa Rica, ya se han obtenido valiosas lecciones acerca de las implicaciones ecológicas, sociales, políticas y económicas a partir del establecimiento de procesos de gestión de CB. A través de la sistematización de once experiencias de CB consideradas como exitosas y analizadas mediante el marco de los capitales de la comunidad, se ha podido diseñar un estándar que ayude a los gestores e investigadores a determinar el grado de avance en la gestión y la efectividad en el manejo de los CB. ; Biological corridors are conservation strategies that aim to re-establish connectivity over fragmented landscapes. Their objective is to conserve biodiversity and maintain ecosystem functions that provide ecosystem services to people. BC management processes in Costa Rica have already generated valuable lessons regarding the ecological, social, political and economic implications of BC implementation. Systematizations of eleven successful BC were carried out and analyzed using the community capitals framework. As a result, a standard that allows managers and researchers to determine the advance in the effectiveness of BC management was designed.

There are growing technical efforts by government organizations, academics and non-government organizations to define policy frameworks to promote the adaptation of agriculture to climate change. Nevertheless, adaptation is primarily a local process; therefore, tools that link these efforts with local requirements are needed based on current and consistent information. We develop a participatory methodology to characterize and assess subsistence livelihoods vulnerability and build local strategies for adaptation to climate change based on the Community Capitals Framework and present a review of its application in five micro-watersheds of the Pacific basin of three Mesoamerican countries. We conclude that the methodology supports the rapid characterization of vulnerability based on local knowledge, showing clear differences in the current impacts of climate change, adaptive capacity and vulnerability among different livelihoods and facilitating the identification of key constraints affecting adaptation of smallholder livelihoods in each site. However, we conclude also that this methodology is still insufficient for adaptation planning because the measures proposed are focused on adjustments to the production systems, rely on external technical assistance and are not effectively connected with financing mechanisms. Based on this, we identify recommendations for the future implementation of the methodology.

Since 2014, the CGIAR research program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security has collaborated with different stakeholders to implement climate change adaptation approaches and practices in critical locations in the Central American Dry Corridor. A new university course for professionals in the Dry Corridor aims to scale these approaches and practices. This article presents the core elements of the course, summarizes the main results, and offers recommendations for future editions. It was observed that the different trajectories and experiences of professionals facilitated a lively exchange of knowledge, the integration of local experiences in teaching, and the integration of learning in follow up proposals of governmental and non-governmental organizations. The following aspects should be central in future course editions: diversity of participants, adaptation of didactic strategies to the needs of different users, and follow-up to support, as well as the integration of course concepts and practices in the actions of different organizations. The latter requires strong organizational commitment. ; Peer Review

Climate extremes are one of the main drivers of acute food insecurity. In Guatemala, acute food insecurity reaches alarming levels when the usual dry period during the bimodal rainy seasons is extended or starts earlier than expected. Drought has a slow-onset which theoretically leaves sufficient lead-time for addressing impacts on food security. In practice, emergency response to drought is often reactive and arrives late, starting when the crisis is already evolving. Climate services and food security information systems are key ingredients for integrated climate risk and food security management worldwide. In Guatemala, stakeholders broadly agree on the usefulness of this type of information for decision-making and direct significant efforts towards improving information availability and quality. But the impact of agro-climatic and food security information on decisions is ad hoc or not systematic. Through a mix of qualitative, ethnographic, and participatory methods, we investigated why this situation occurs. We found that different aspects lead to this phenomenon: the impact of drought on food security is mediated by different socio-economic, political, and institutional factors that tend to differ strongly between regions or even communities across the country. This puts special requirements on information provision for decision-making. Information use patterns can be explained by technical, data-related aspects as reliability, timeliness, or accessibility. But only by considering the institutional and organizational context we get a complete understanding on what frames the information-use patterns in climate and food security management in Guatemala. Our research shows that investments in technical aspects of data provision and infrastructure for increased climate and food security management need to address institutional and organizational challenges in order to be effective. ; Peer Review

Climate extremes are one of the main drivers of acute food insecurity. In Guatemala, acute food insecurity reaches alarming levels when the usual dry period during the bimodal rainy seasons is extended or starts earlier than expected. Drought has a slow-onset which theoretically leaves sufficient lead-time for addressing impacts on food security. In practice, emergency response to drought is often reactive and arrives late, starting when the crisis is already evolving. Climate services and food security information systems are key ingredients for integrated climate risk and food security management worldwide. In Guatemala, stakeholders broadly agree on the usefulness of this type of information for decision-making and direct significant efforts towards improving information availability and quality. But the impact of agro-climatic and food security information on decisions is ad hoc or not systematic. Through a mix of qualitative, ethnographic, and participatory methods, we investigated why this situation occurs. We found that different aspects lead to this phenomenon: the impact of drought on food security is mediated by different socio-economic, political, and institutional factors that tend to differ strongly between regions or even communities across the country. This puts special requirements on information provision for decision-making. Information use patterns can be explained by technical, data-related aspects as reliability, timeliness, or accessibility. But only by considering the institutional and organizational context we get a complete understanding on what frames the information-use patterns in climate and food security management in Guatemala.

Climate extremes are one of the main drivers of acute food insecurity. In Guatemala, acute food insecurity reaches alarming levels when the usual dry period during the bimodal rainy seasons is extended or starts earlier than expected. Drought has a slow-onset which theoretically leaves sufficient lead-time for addressing impacts on food security. In practice, emergency response to drought is often reactive and arrives late, starting when the crisis is already evolving. Climate services and food security information systems are key ingredients for integrated climate risk and food security management worldwide. In Guatemala, stakeholders broadly agree on the usefulness of this type of information for decision-making and direct significant efforts towards improving information availability and quality. But the impact of agro-climatic and food security information on decisions is ad hoc or not systematic. Through a mix of qualitative, ethnographic, and participatory methods, we investigated why this situation occurs. We found that different aspects lead to this phenomenon: the impact of drought on food security is mediated by different socio-economic, political, and institutional factors that tend to differ strongly between regions or even communities across the country. This puts special requirements on information provision for decision-making. Information use patterns can be explained by technical, data-related aspects as reliability, timeliness, or accessibility. But only by considering the institutional and organizational context we get a complete understanding on what frames the information-use patterns in climate and food security management in Guatemala.

International audience ; Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) initiatives require that tradeoffs and synergies between three goals - production, adaptation and mitigation – be addressed, in contexts with contrasting challenges. Cross country evaluation of the climate smart-practices implemented in the main productive systems of seven countries of Latin America and the Caribbean shows that they have reached different achievement levels in their environmental and socio-economic dimensions. While it is clear that existing sustainable development initiatives have facilitated the adoption of climate-smart practices, the enabling conditions for their dissemination and long-term viability have not been established. We carried out a meta-analysis of the type of climate smart-practices identified in the seven countries and the conditions that enabled their adoption and development. On the basis of an expert-based typology of climate-smartness, we determined degrees of adoption of climate-smart measures, and challenges for their wider implementation as perceived by main stakeholders in the agricultural sector. Then, we reviewed the biophysical, institutional and political context and identified which elements induced the adoption of smart-practices and which tend to block them. We conclude by highlighting some differences between CSA and standard rural development, calling for renewed policy action.

International audience ; Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) initiatives require that tradeoffs and synergies between three goals - production, adaptation and mitigation – be addressed, in contexts with contrasting challenges. Cross country evaluation of the climate smart-practices implemented in the main productive systems of seven countries of Latin America and the Caribbean shows that they have reached different achievement levels in their environmental and socio-economic dimensions. While it is clear that existing sustainable development initiatives have facilitated the adoption of climate-smart practices, the enabling conditions for their dissemination and long-term viability have not been established. We carried out a meta-analysis of the type of climate smart-practices identified in the seven countries and the conditions that enabled their adoption and development. On the basis of an expert-based typology of climate-smartness, we determined degrees of adoption of climate-smart measures, and challenges for their wider implementation as perceived by main stakeholders in the agricultural sector. Then, we reviewed the biophysical, institutional and political context and identified which elements induced the adoption of smart-practices and which tend to block them. We conclude by highlighting some differences between CSA and standard rural development, calling for renewed policy action.

International audience ; Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) initiatives require that tradeoffs and synergies between three goals - production, adaptation and mitigation – be addressed, in contexts with contrasting challenges. Cross country evaluation of the climate smart-practices implemented in the main productive systems of seven countries of Latin America and the Caribbean shows that they have reached different achievement levels in their environmental and socio-economic dimensions. While it is clear that existing sustainable development initiatives have facilitated the adoption of climate-smart practices, the enabling conditions for their dissemination and long-term viability have not been established. We carried out a meta-analysis of the type of climate smart-practices identified in the seven countries and the conditions that enabled their adoption and development. On the basis of an expert-based typology of climate-smartness, we determined degrees of adoption of climate-smart measures, and challenges for their wider implementation as perceived by main stakeholders in the agricultural sector. Then, we reviewed the biophysical, institutional and political context and identified which elements induced the adoption of smart-practices and which tend to block them. We conclude by highlighting some differences between CSA and standard rural development, calling for renewed policy action.

International audience ; Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) initiatives require that tradeoffs and synergies between three goals - production, adaptation and mitigation – be addressed, in contexts with contrasting challenges. Cross country evaluation of the climate smart-practices implemented in the main productive systems of seven countries of Latin America and the Caribbean shows that they have reached different achievement levels in their environmental and socio-economic dimensions. While it is clear that existing sustainable development initiatives have facilitated the adoption of climate-smart practices, the enabling conditions for their dissemination and long-term viability have not been established. We carried out a meta-analysis of the type of climate smart-practices identified in the seven countries and the conditions that enabled their adoption and development. On the basis of an expert-based typology of climate-smartness, we determined degrees of adoption of climate-smart measures, and challenges for their wider implementation as perceived by main stakeholders in the agricultural sector. Then, we reviewed the biophysical, institutional and political context and identified which elements induced the adoption of smart-practices and which tend to block them. We conclude by highlighting some differences between CSA and standard rural development, calling for renewed policy action.

International audience ; Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) initiatives require that tradeoffs and synergies between three goals - production, adaptation and mitigation – be addressed, in contexts with contrasting challenges. Cross country evaluation of the climate smart-practices implemented in the main productive systems of seven countries of Latin America and the Caribbean shows that they have reached different achievement levels in their environmental and socio-economic dimensions. While it is clear that existing sustainable development initiatives have facilitated the adoption of climate-smart practices, the enabling conditions for their dissemination and long-term viability have not been established. We carried out a meta-analysis of the type of climate smart-practices identified in the seven countries and the conditions that enabled their adoption and development. On the basis of an expert-based typology of climate-smartness, we determined degrees of adoption of climate-smart measures, and challenges for their wider implementation as perceived by main stakeholders in the agricultural sector. Then, we reviewed the biophysical, institutional and political context and identified which elements induced the adoption of smart-practices and which tend to block them. We conclude by highlighting some differences between CSA and standard rural development, calling for renewed policy action.