Suchergebnisse

The widespread use of hydraulic fracturing technology and the growing need for the use of proppants for the production of hard-to-recover hydrocarbon maintains interest in active research of proppant materials, methods of their effective use, and modification methods in order to improve their technological characteristics. Today, quite small volumes of such well-studied propping materials as sand and alumina are still in use. Every year the proppants market is increasingly replenished primarily with ceramic materials modified taking into account geological and technical conditions. The growth in consumption of proppants creates an urgent need to create new proppants with sufficiently large reserves of raw materials for their production. This determines the need to actively search for new ways to purposefully change the properties of materials to obtain an optimal combination of proppants characteristics that meet the key requirements for their properties in the processes of increasing the productivity of low-productive reservoirs. To ensure effective hydrocarbon production by hydraulic fracturing in modern wells, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of various combinations of reservoir conditions, which places special demands on the characteristics of the new forms of proppants being created that have the widest possible range of useful qualities. Improving one or more properties of proppants for already known natural materials, the use of modifying techniques that reform their basic qualities, or the creation of new synthetic materials, coatings, impregnations to improve their operating parameters can solve the issues of optimizing the efficient and sustainable operation of production equipment, and manage the oil production strategy in mature wells, as well as increase the energy saving of the process and reduce the adverse impact on the environment.

When carrying out thermocatalytic destruction of hydrocarbon feedstock, catalysts are deactivated due to the formation of surface coke, which blocks active centers. In order to restore their previous activity and selectivity, as well as extend their service life, a process of catalyst regeneration is carried out. One of the effective methods for restoring the original activity of deactivated catalysts is oxidative regeneration, which is based on the oxidation of coke deposits on the surface of the catalyst.
The article examines the dependences of the formation of surface coke when varying the temperature regime of the process from 450 °C to 550 °C during the thermocatalytic destruction of heavy petroleum feedstock – West Siberian oil fuel oil in the presence of a new metal complex catalytic system, where the active component is a chloroferrate complex (NaFeCl4 or TCFN) in an amount 10 %, deposited on a carrier, which is a deeply decationized Ymmm zeolite of the acidic form (H-form). The patterns of oxidative regeneration of a metal-complex catalytic system were studied by distilling off highly volatile products in a flow of inert gas (helium) and oxygen-containing gas.
During the experiments, it was found that with an increase in the temperature of the thermocatalytic destruction process from 450 °C to 550 °C, a slight increase in coarse deposits on the surface of the catalyst was observed from 2,6 % wt. up to 3,5 % wt. respectively. When carrying out the process of oxidative regeneration of a carbonized catalyst with air oxygen (in a flow of helium) at a temperature of 500 °C for 60 min only volatile components are initially removed, and further calcination takes up to 180 min allows for complete burning of surface coke.

The oil and gas refining industry in Russia and other countries is faced with the challenge of searching for new highly active catalytic systems and innovative methods for processing various types of petroleum feedstocks, including heavy petroleum feedstocks. One of the main tasks of this industry is to increase the depth of processing of petroleum raw materials to obtain more valuable petrochemical products.The purpose of the work is to study the dependence of the thermal destruction of heavy petroleum feedstock – heavy vacuum gas oil from the AVT-5 unit of PJSC «Bashneft-Novoil» in the presence of a new metal-complex catalytic system, where the active component is a chlorferrate complex (NaFeCl4) in an amount of 10 %, deposited on a carrier representing is a deeply decationized Ymmm zeolite of the acidic form (H-form), when varying process conditions, temperature in the range from 450 to 550 °C and volumetric feed rate of raw materials – 1,75–2,50 h-1. The physicochemical characteristics of the metal complex catalyst – 10 % NaFeCl4 / HYmmm zeolite were studied: characteristics of the porous structure, study of the phase composition, study of the morphology of the surfaces of catalytic systems.During experimental studies, it was established that the 10 % NaFeCl4/HYmmm zeolite catalytic system has a highly developed surface with a pore distribution of micro-, meso- and macropore sizes (total pore volume ~ 0,64 cm3/g); preserves the degree of crystallinity of the lattices relative to the original support Ymmm. It has been established that thermocatalytic destruction of heavy vacuum gas oil in the presence of a metal complex catalyst leads to its deep and selective conversion. The data obtained indicate that in the studied modes of the thermal destruction process, it is possible to achieve the formation of unsaturated olefinic hydrocarbons of the composition C2-C4 ~ 20 % wt., gasoline fraction ~ 45 % wt., total light ~ 68 % wt.