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The literature on migrant workers generally indicates limited worker collectivism. Based on a comparative study of two Danish platform companies, however, this article shows how digital migrant networks are a crucial social infrastructure in precarious working environments. Using a novel conceptual framework that differentiates between collective strategies of coping and resistance, we show that collective resistance can spring from migrant networks. This foregrounds an understanding of how collectivism underpinned by strong migrant networks can wax and wane, which broadens our understanding of collectivism as a dynamic practice. The study's findings underscore the importance of political networks as a foundation for strategies of resistance, the value of network embeddedness, and the effects of particular migrant and employment characteristics on collective strategies.

Pakistan and India have historically been at odds with each other politically, and have fought four wars. Both countries share a water supply via the Indus River, which originates in the disputed territory of Indian-Administred Kashmir. As India is the upper-riparian state it therefore has the advantage to 'control' water supply downstream to Pakistan, the lower-riparian state, an Indus Waters Treaty was signed in 1960 which awarded each country three rivers stemming from the Indus River, each and regulated the flow of water between the two. However, Pakistan has claimed that the creation of hydropower projects in India on rivers which flow into Pakistan have compromised the supply of water to Pakistan, which then lowers the amount available primarily for agriculture, power generation and consumptive purposes. Two such issues were raised in the case of 1999 Baglihar Hydroelectric Project and 2007 Kishenganga Hydroelectric Plant, and for both, different mechanisms under the Indus Waters Treaty were used to resolve the disputes. This article considers the mechanisms of resolution provided under the Treaty, and comments on its effectiveness in doing so, and in the process, suggests reform to the Treaty itself. ; Pakistan and India have historically been at odds with each other politically, and have fought four wars. Both countries share a water supply via the Indus River, which originates in the disputed ter-ritory of Indian-Administred Kashmir. As India is the upper-riparian state it therefore has the advan-tage to 'control' water supply downstream to Pakistan, the lower-riparian state, an Indus Waters Treaty was signed in 1960 which awarded each country three rivers stemming from the Indus River, each and regulated the flow of water between the two. However, Pakistan has claimed that the crea-tion of hydropower projects in India on rivers which flow into Pakistan have compromised the supply of water to Pakistan, which then lowers the amount available primarily for agriculture, power gene-ration and consumptive purposes. Two such issues were raised in the case of 1999 Baglihar Hydro-electric Project and 2007 Kishenganga Hydroelectric Plant, and for both, different mechanisms under the Indus Waters Treaty were used to resolve the disputes. This article considers the mechanisms of resolution provided under the Treaty, and comments on its effectiveness in doing so, and in the process, suggests reform to the Treaty itself.

This article focuses on the Indus Water Treaty, that was agreed on in 1960, in order to resolve water disputes between the state Pakistan and India. Exploring and analysing the Indus water Treaty 1960 (IWF) helps understanding the significancy of the treaty from a Malthusian point of view. Due to both countries growing number of populations, there is the need of sustainable energy sources. The paper further addresses several important historical milestones by diving into the water conflict between Pakistan and India. It presents an insight of the treaty by analysing the treaty through the eclectic method, giving a nuanced view on the conflict resolution, as it allows a more comprehensive understanding of the water sharing in the Indus basin. In order to understand certain elements within the treaty, the paper explores the historical context by elaborating the Pakistani and Indian geopolitics trough historical lenses on the Jammu & Kashmir conflict. In order to understand the necessity and the agreement of the treaty, it is also important to look at biliteral agreements between the Pakistani and Indian governments. The World Banks interfered in the negotiations on the technical and economic distributions between the two states, in order to maintain the Indus Waters, which is why a case study of the 1999 Baglihar Hydroelectric Power Projects and 2007 Kishenganga Hydroelectric Plant is relevant. The Indus water treaty is said to be one of the world's most powerful agreements, which is why it opens up for a lot of questions that allows us to understand its effectivity and reasons for improvements.