Suchergebnisse

This national report is created within a European research project, commissioned by the Europe-an Commission, with the title 'DETOUR – Towards Pre-trial Detention as Ultima Ratio' that was conducted in 2016-2017. The research project aimed at exploring and analysing pre-trial detention practice, especially different ways of reducing the use of pre-trial detention in seven European jurisdictions (Austria, Germany, Romania, Belgium, Lithuania, Ireland and the Neth-erlands). Within the project we investigated whether pre-trial detention is used as ultima ratio (i.e. as a last resort) in these jurisdictions. In this context, both the availability (legally and prac-tically) and the use of alternatives for pre-trial detention were investigated. A focus also lies on the European Union (EU) mutual recognition instruments laid down in the framework decisions on the European Arrest Warrant (EAW) and the European Supervision Order (ESO). Both instruments have an impact on pre-trial detention practice, especially the ESO, which specifically aims at reducing the need for pre-trial detention by enhancing the possibilities to apply alterna-tive measures. Relevant questions in this respect are whether these instruments are used at the national level, and if there are challenges or hindrances in their use. More information on the DETOUR project can be found on the project's website at . In this national report, the Dutch theory and practice concerning pre-trial detention is explored, with a specific focus on the use of alternatives for pre-trial detention. This national report builds upon the working paper on the Netherlands that was published in October 2016, available on the DETOUR project's website.

Het voorliggende rapport bestaat uit twee deelrapporten. In het eerste deelrapport wordt verslag gedaan van het kwalitatieve onderzoek naar de maatregelen die zijn genomen om de doorlooptijd van artikel 12 Sv‐procedures te verkorten, dan wel artikel 12 Sv‐klachten te voorkomen, alsmede wat de beoogde en wat de feitelijke werking is (geweest) van de genomen maatregelen. Ten tweede zijn door middel van kwantitatief onderzoek de verwachtingen van burgers die een artikel 12 Sv‐klacht indienen nagegaan alsmede de ervaringen van klagers in de artikel 12 Sv‐procedure. In dit onderzoek gaat onze aandacht uit naar de vraag hoe eerlijk en rechtvaardig burgers die slachtoffer of anderszins rechtstreeks belanghebbende zijn, zich behandeld en bejegend voelen door de overheid, in dit geval de politie, het OM en het gerechtshof. De mate waarin belanghebbenden oordelen dat zij gedurende de behandeling van hun zaak op een eerlijke en rechtvaardige wijze zijn behandeld wordt in dit verslag aangeduid met de ervaren procedurele rechtvaardigheid.

The main research question addressed in this report is: "Is PTD in practice used as a means of last resort (ultima ratio) in the participating countries?" More specific secondary research questions: - How extensively is PTD used? - What developments can be observed with respect to the use of PTD and alternatives, what factors appear to be relevant in this respect? - What factors influence decision-making? - What parties are involved and what are their roles? - Are alternatives to PTD available and are they used? What are potential obstacles? - If alternatives are used are there indications of net widening? - Are there any groups which are treated differently and if so, which ones, and in what respect? - To what extent do European aspects play a role for PTD practice, and could cooperation within Europe or internationally help to avoid PTD? The results of our study are relevant not only for scholars but also, in particular, for practitioners and policy makers, both on the national and the European level. Practitioners – judges, defence lawyers, public prosecutors, as well as those from the police, criminal justice, social and related fields – should profit from our insights, which demonstrate that many problems affect different jurisdictions in the same way, but constructive options are sometimes found elsewhere. These options may serve as examples for domestic purposes.