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Chimeras, hybrids, and interspecies research: politics and policymaking
"Discussions of early interspecies research, in which cells or DNA are interchanged between humans and nonhumans at early stages of development, can often devolve into sweeping statements, colorful imagery, and confusing policy. Although today's policy advisory groups are becoming more informed, debate is still limited by the interchangeable use of terms such as chimeras and hybrids, a tendency to treat all forms of interspecies alike, the failure to distinguish between laboratory research and procreation, and not enough serious policy justification. Andrea Bonnicksen seeks to understand reasons behind support of and disdain for interspecies research in such areas as chimerism, hybridization, interspecies nuclear transfer, cross-species embryo transfer, and transgenics. She highlights two claims critics make against early interspecies studies: that the research will violate human dignity and that it can lead to procreation. Bonnicksen carefully illustrates the challenges of making policy for sensitive and often sensationalized research - research that touches deep-seated values and that probes the boundary between human and nonhuman animals"--Jacket
Transplanting Nuclei between Human Eggs: Implications for Germ-Line Genetics
In: Politics and the life sciences: PLS ; a journal of political behavior, ethics, and policy, Band 17, Heft 1, S. 3-10
ISSN: 1471-5457
It has been suggested that diseases linked to mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) might be circumvented by transferring the nucleus from the egg of a woman with a mitochondrial disease to a donor egg from which the nucleus has been removed and discarded. Egg cell nuclear transfer would be a straightforward technique for preventing serious diseases, relying on a procedure used in embryo or somatic cell cloning. It might present a relatively uncontentious setting for the refinement of cloning procedures. Its proposal creates the opportunity to identify categories of germ-line interventions; explore whether ethical issues vary according to the category of germ-line intervention; and craft more precise policy guidelines in which graduated levels of germ-line interventions are recognized.
Transplanting Nuclei between Human Eggs: Implications for Germ-Line Genetics
In: Politics and the life sciences: PLS, Band 17, Heft 1, S. 3-10
ISSN: 0730-9384
Creating a Clone in Ninety Days: In Search of a Cloning Policy
In: Politics and the life sciences: PLS ; a journal of political behavior, ethics, and policy, Band 16, Heft 2, S. 304-308
ISSN: 1471-5457
Creating a Clone in Ninety Days: In Search of a Cloning Policy
In: Politics and the life sciences: PLS, Band 16, Heft 2, S. 304-308
ISSN: 0730-9384
Standard of Care: the Law of American Bioethics. George J. Annas, New York:Oxford University Press,1993, 291 pp. US$24.95 cloth. ISBN 0-19-507247-2. Oxford University Press, 200 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
In: Politics and the life sciences: PLS ; a journal of political behavior, ethics, and policy, Band 14, Heft 1, S. 101-102
ISSN: 1471-5457
Standard of Care: The Law of American Bioethics
In: Politics and the life sciences: PLS, Band 14, Heft 1, S. 101-102
ISSN: 0730-9384
National and International Approaches to Human Germ-Line Gene Therapy
In: Politics and the life sciences: PLS ; a journal of political behavior, ethics, and policy, Band 13, Heft 1, S. 39-49
ISSN: 1471-5457
Germ-line gene therapy, in which genetic flaws are corrected in the DNA of externally fertilized human embryos, lies in the distant yet foreseeable future. Worries about germ-line therapy have prompted international bodies to craft guidelines that are unusual for their anticipatory nature. Motivating these guidelines is the idea that a "transnational harmonization" of principles should be reached before national policies are developed. This article reviews selected national policies and international recommendations, and it concludes that national policies should be precedents for, rather than descendants of, international normative codes. The inclination to develop morally-based codes, which is implicit in transnational harmonization, will be more useful if grounded in empirically-based medical technologies and politically-tested policies rather than on abstract principles developed well in advance of technological feasibility.
National and International Approaches to Human Germ-Line Gene Therapy
In: Politics and the life sciences: PLS, Band 13, Heft 1, S. 39
ISSN: 0730-9384
Regulating Death: Euthanasia and the Case of the Netherlands - Carlos F. Gomez, New York:The Free Press,1991, 172 pp. US$19.92 cloth. ISBN 0-02-912440-9. The Free Press, 866 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022, USA
In: Politics and the life sciences: PLS ; a journal of political behavior, ethics, and policy, Band 12, Heft 1, S. 115-116
ISSN: 1471-5457
Book Reviews: Gordon and Suzuki - It's a Matter of SurvivalAnita Gordon and David Suzuki Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991, 278 pp. US$19.95 cloth. ISBN 0-674-46970-4. Harvard University Press, 79 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
In: Politics and the life sciences: PLS ; a journal of political behavior, ethics, and policy, Band 11, Heft 2, S. 285-286
ISSN: 1471-5457
PrécisIn 1989 the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation aired a five-part radio series, "It's a Matter of Survival." Anita Gordon was the originator and executive producer of the series. David Suzuki is Professor of Zoology at the University of British Columbia and the host of "The Nature of Things," a science television program. This book grew out of the radio series and is described on the jacket cover by Edward O. Wilson as "the best piece of extended environmental journalism I've seen to date." Cited in the end notes are publications in the popular press (e.g., The New York Times) and CBC interviews with a range of environmental commentators such as Lester Brown and Paul Erlich. The book indicts the environmental irresponsibility of human beings as a species and is intended as a response to the radio listeners who wrote to the CBC following the 1989 broadcasts asking what they could do to forestall environmental catastrophe.Gordon and Suzuki begin with a hypothetical glimpse into the "nightmare world of 2040." Subsequent chapters question how we reached the stage of environmental crisis, explore myths that have blinded us to the crisis, predict future growth trends, describe the ethic of domination over nature, and review the devastation wrought by prevailing definitions of "progress." The authors end with an alternative (and positive) look at the year 2040 that can be possible if the resolutions they discuss are sought. They conclude that humans as a species have "lost the ability to hear the warning cries of nature" (p. 234), but they hold the hope that humans can emerge from the crisis with a "new collective image of ourselves as a species integrated into the natural world" (p. 238).