Suchergebnisse

Textes issus des travaux du programme Casdar "Innovation et Partenariat" de 2007 et présentés lors d'un colloque le 4 décembre 2012, sous l'égide du GIS Relance Agronomique ; Taking increasing account of the environmental dimension in policies of orientation of agricultural practices, in research and development in agricultural science has led since 15 years to many works on agri-environmental assessment, yielding, in many cases, in the design of indicators or even computer prototypes. These tools make it possible to estimate the impacts of agricultural practices with regard to the different dimensions of sustainable development and the environmental themes and, for some of them, to propose action plans at different scales of time and space. To face this diversity, a group of actors of research and agricultural development, designers or users of assessment tools, mobilized through the Plage 1 project to characterize the existing tools and the evaluation situations, to explain the variety of tools available from all stakeholders in the agricultural sector in order to facilitate their use, but also to pool the efforts of computer maintenance and tuning tools and database references. To achieve these various goals, project partners imagined to design a WEB platform and a platform of skills. Plage 1 project led to the development of the specifications of the WEB platform and the establishment of an open network of agricultural stakeholders in the agri-environmental assessment. ; La prise en compte croissante de la dimension environnementale dans les politiques d'orientation agricole, dans les travaux de recherche et de développement en agronomie a conduit depuis une quinzaine d'années à une multiplication de travaux sur l'évaluation agri-environnementale, aboutissant, dans de nombreux cas, à la conception d'indicateurs voire de prototypes informatiques. Ces outils permettent d'estimer les impacts des pratiques agricoles au regard des différentes dimensions du développement durable et des thématiques ...

Textes issus des travaux du programme Casdar "Innovation et Partenariat" de 2007 et présentés lors d'un colloque le 4 décembre 2012, sous l'égide du GIS Relance Agronomique ; Taking increasing account of the environmental dimension in policies of orientation of agricultural practices, in research and development in agricultural science has led since 15 years to many works on agri-environmental assessment, yielding, in many cases, in the design of indicators or even computer prototypes. These tools make it possible to estimate the impacts of agricultural practices with regard to the different dimensions of sustainable development and the environmental themes and, for some of them, to propose action plans at different scales of time and space. To face this diversity, a group of actors of research and agricultural development, designers or users of assessment tools, mobilized through the Plage 1 project to characterize the existing tools and the evaluation situations, to explain the variety of tools available from all stakeholders in the agricultural sector in order to facilitate their use, but also to pool the efforts of computer maintenance and tuning tools and database references. To achieve these various goals, project partners imagined to design a WEB platform and a platform of skills. Plage 1 project led to the development of the specifications of the WEB platform and the establishment of an open network of agricultural stakeholders in the agri-environmental assessment. ; La prise en compte croissante de la dimension environnementale dans les politiques d'orientation agricole, dans les travaux de recherche et de développement en agronomie a conduit depuis une quinzaine d'années à une multiplication de travaux sur l'évaluation agri-environnementale, aboutissant, dans de nombreux cas, à la conception d'indicateurs voire de prototypes informatiques. Ces outils permettent d'estimer les impacts des pratiques agricoles au regard des différentes dimensions du développement durable et des thématiques ...

Textes issus des travaux du programme Casdar "Innovation et Partenariat" de 2007 et présentés lors d'un colloque le 4 décembre 2012, sous l'égide du GIS Relance Agronomique ; Taking increasing account of the environmental dimension in policies of orientation of agricultural practices, in research and development in agricultural science has led since 15 years to many works on agri-environmental assessment, yielding, in many cases, in the design of indicators or even computer prototypes. These tools make it possible to estimate the impacts of agricultural practices with regard to the different dimensions of sustainable development and the environmental themes and, for some of them, to propose action plans at different scales of time and space. To face this diversity, a group of actors of research and agricultural development, designers or users of assessment tools, mobilized through the Plage 1 project to characterize the existing tools and the evaluation situations, to explain the variety of tools available from all stakeholders in the agricultural sector in order to facilitate their use, but also to pool the efforts of computer maintenance and tuning tools and database references. To achieve these various goals, project partners imagined to design a WEB platform and a platform of skills. Plage 1 project led to the development of the specifications of the WEB platform and the establishment of an open network of agricultural stakeholders in the agri-environmental assessment. ; La prise en compte croissante de la dimension environnementale dans les politiques d'orientation agricole, dans les travaux de recherche et de développement en agronomie a conduit depuis une quinzaine d'années à une multiplication de travaux sur l'évaluation agri-environnementale, aboutissant, dans de nombreux cas, à la conception d'indicateurs voire de prototypes informatiques. Ces outils permettent d'estimer les impacts des pratiques agricoles au regard des différentes dimensions du développement durable et des thématiques ...

National audience ; The climatic, energetic and political context promotes the development of bioenergies. However we have a lack of knowledge to find out the best energy crops, depending on the soil, the climate and the end-use. This work aimed at studying the adaptation and the biomass and biofuel yield, of several energy crops grown in France in different soil and climate conditions. The biomass yields were very variable between the different experimental sites and no differences were observed on the median biomass yield between crops. Moreover, there was no evidence of a highly productive crop in all the conditions of soil and climate. Because of little differences of the lower heating value between crops, no differences were observed on the primary energy yield. The ethanol yield per hectare was higher for miscanthus, switchgrass and fiber sorghum because of higher cellulose content in these crops. The nitrogen removed at harvest by miscanthus and switchgrass were significantly lower than the other crops witch could lead to reduced fertilizer-N requirements. Further research are needed to clarify the effect of limiting factors on the biomass yield of the different energy crops and to consider other parameters such as the environmental impacts to give rules to choose the most suitable crop in a given region.

National audience ; The climatic, energetic and political context promotes the development of bioenergies. However we have a lack of knowledge to find out the best energy crops, depending on the soil, the climate and the end-use. This work aimed at studying the adaptation and the biomass and biofuel yield, of several energy crops grown in France in different soil and climate conditions. The biomass yields were very variable between the different experimental sites and no differences were observed on the median biomass yield between crops. Moreover, there was no evidence of a highly productive crop in all the conditions of soil and climate. Because of little differences of the lower heating value between crops, no differences were observed on the primary energy yield. The ethanol yield per hectare was higher for miscanthus, switchgrass and fiber sorghum because of higher cellulose content in these crops. The nitrogen removed at harvest by miscanthus and switchgrass were significantly lower than the other crops witch could lead to reduced fertilizer-N requirements. Further research are needed to clarify the effect of limiting factors on the biomass yield of the different energy crops and to consider other parameters such as the environmental impacts to give rules to choose the most suitable crop in a given region.

The climatic, energetic and political context promotes the development of bioenergies. However we have a lack of knowledge to find out the best energy crops, depending on the soil, the climate and the end-use. This work aimed at studying the adaptation and the biomass and biofuel yield, of several energy crops grown in France in different soil and climate conditions. The biomass yields were very variable between the different experimental sites and no differences were observed on the median biomass yield between crops. Moreover, there was no evidence of a highly productive crop in all the conditions of soil and climate. Because of little differences of the lower heating value between crops, no differences were observed on the primary energy yield. The ethanol yield per hectare was higher for miscanthus, switchgrass and fiber sorghum because of higher cellulose content in these crops. The nitrogen removed at harvest by miscanthus and switchgrass were significantly lower than the other crops witch could lead to reduced fertilizer-N requirements. Further research are needed to clarify the effect of limiting factors on the biomass yield of the different energy crops and to consider other parameters such as the environmental impacts to give rules to choose the most suitable crop in a given region.