Suchergebnisse

Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Reference -- Chapter 2: International Trade and FDI -- International Trade and GDP Growth -- Intra-SSA Trade -- Cross-Border Trade in SSA Countries -- Cross-Border Uganda -- Cross-Border Rwanda -- The EU -- West Africa -- Southern Africa -- Central Africa -- The EAC -- United States -- China -- India -- FDI with and in SSA Countries -- Main Trends -- Main Supported Sectors -- Electricity Projects -- Roads and Railways -- FDI Distribution by Regions -- Southern Africa -- East and Central Africa -- West Africa -- Sources of FDI -- The EU -- The United States -- China -- India -- Intra-SSA Investment -- References -- Chapter 3: Economic Involvement of International Organizations, MNCs and Local Business Leaders and Groups -- International Organizations -- African Development Bank (AfDB) -- Institutions and Education -- Food Security, Health and Environment -- Infrastructure -- Industrial Projects -- World Bank -- New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) -- Natural Resources Governance and Food Security -- Regional Integration, Infrastructure (Energy, Water, Information and Communications Technology (ICT), Transport) and Trade -- Industrialization, Science, Technology and Innovation -- Human Capital Development (Skills, Youth, Employment and Women Empowerment) -- Grow Africa -- United States Agency for International Development (USAID) -- Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA) -- Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) -- Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) -- Multinational Companies (MNCs) -- General Electric (GE) -- Coca-Cola -- Nestlé -- Nigeria -- South Africa -- Cameroon -- Ivory Coast -- My Own Business Initiative -- Nespresso-South Sudan -- Anglo American (AA) -- Unstable Prices -- Investment in Local Entrepreneurship -- Tullow Oil -- Symbion

The economic peace theory --. - Conflict environment --. - Models of economic development --. - Hybrid economic models in the Middle East

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to propose a model of economic development able to generate a cross‐border sustainable economic development, in regions in conflict. The Italian industrial district model implements a community industry synergy process led by the authorities according to a top‐down approach. The cluster model implements a clustering specialization process led, in the American version, by a bottom‐up approach and in the European version by a top‐down approach. The regional innovation system (RIS) provides the regional and international innovation networking required for both models in order to confront the global competition. The proposed progressive model creates the industrial specialization (industrial district) required for the development of the clustering process supported by the RIS.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have selected, from the list of producers (growers and producers of olive oil), a random sample of 103 growers of olives and producers of olive oil from both groups from the Northern regions (Galilee in Israel and the Northern West Bank): 26 Palestinian growers, 25 Palestinian producers, 13 Israeli growers and 39 Israeli producers of olive oil, and interviewed them.FindingsThe results show that the community‐industry synergy of the industrial district model is supported by the economic actors from both sides of the border but refused for political reasons by the regional authorities and professional associations. The raw material (olives), the human capital and the knowledge required in order to start the clustering process exist.Practical implicationsThe study has evaluated the Israeli‐Jewish and Arab and the Palestinian olive sector, and clearly indicates that bottom‐up decision‐making process is the only way for the moment for initiating the cluster and RIS models in the olive sector. The intervention of a third party is required in order to start the bottom‐up implementation of the industrial district model and launch the clustering process.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this paper lies in organizing the industrial district in such a way that it will generate a cluster in the long run. Thus, it is called progressive model.