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Seabirds and humpback whales give early warning to marine heatwaves
Lauren Bien from Prince William Sound Science Center and Mayumi Arimitsu from USGS, Alaska Science Center and additional contributors, John Moran and Rob Suryan, Alaska Fisheries Science Center explain how seabirds and humpback whales provide early warning signals during extreme marine heatwaves. Between 2014 and 2016, an extreme marine heatwave struck the North Pacific Ocean, affecting nearshore and pelagic (offshore, open-ocean) ecosystems from Southern California to Alaska. This unprecedented event, characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures over a large area, was the longest-duration marine heatwave recorded to date. The Gulf of Alaska endured some of the most severe consequences of this heatwave, now known as the Pacific Marine Heatwave or "the Blob" (Fig. 1).