Suchergebnisse

This work aims to understand what Portuguese entrepreneurs demand from incubators and what kind of support are these entities are not currently providing to entrepreneurs. At the same time, it aims to appreciate the initial stage as a major obstacle during the start-up's life path and goals to demystify the complexity that this period comprehends. By doing so, this thesis labels these two analyses as failure causes. And so, this paper suggests that entrepreneurial failure should be scrutinized in order to avoid same errors. In the end, it is found that Portuguese entrepreneurial ecosystem has favourable conditions to exploit the entrepreneurial activity. Portugal possesses the proper infrastructures, the required capital sources and the necessary geographical and climate characteristics able to attract more foreign investors and to sustain the national start-ups headquartered here. However, there's a need to restructure the educational system, to disclosure and to promote the Portuguese market, to join synergies between the government and these nongovernmental entities and to coordinate the incubator's work in order to promote a sustainable and bright entrepreneurial future in Portugal. ; Este estudo sugere um escrutínio ao fracasso empreendedor em prol de evitar os mesmos erros no futuro. Paralelamente, esta tese investiga o suporte das incubadoras junto dos empreendedores e a fase inicial destas pequenas empresas. Adicionalmente, define estas duas análises como motivações para este insucesso. Pretende-se então perceber o que é que os empreendedores Portugueses exigem às incubadoras e que tipo de suporte estas entidades não estão capazes de oferecer. Ainda assim, este estudo define a fase inicial como um problema em si e objetiva desmistificar a complexidade em torno deste período. Por fim, o ecossistema empreendedor Português apresenta condições favoráveis para fomentar a atividade empreendedora. Portugal apresenta boas infraestruturas, as necessárias fontes de capital e as características geográficas e meteorológicas capazes de atrair investidores estrangeiros e manter as start-ups portuguesas sedeadas no seu país de origem. Contudo, é exigida uma restruturação do sistema educacional e coordenação no trabalho das incubadoras para que se consiga construir um futuro empreendedor sustentável.

Résumé Avec l'implantation, en 1820, du régime libéral, la question des associations agricoles gagna de l'importance politique et institutionelle. Les projets concernant le sujet furent nombreux, mais l'instabilité gouvernementale rendit difficile leur concrétisation. Seulement dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle ces associations se développèrent. Dans un premier moment furent créées des sociétés agricoles grâce à l'initiative du gouvernement qui en assurait le rôle. Le gouvernement avait pourtant l'intention d'encadrer le secteur agricole dans le nouveau appareil institutionnel et de promovoir sa modernisation. Après, et en conséquence de la crise du secteur céréalier, le mouvement associatif devenit plus indépendant du pouvoir et fonctionna surtout comme la voix des groupes de pression favorables au protectionnisme.

Résumé Avec l'implantation, en 1820, du régime libéral, la question des associations agricoles gagna de l'importance politique et institutionelle. Les projets concernant le sujet furent nombreux, mais l'instabilité gouvernementale rendit difficile leur concrétisation. Seulement dans la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle ces associations se développèrent. Dans un premier moment furent créées des sociétés agricoles grâce à l'initiative du gouvernement qui en assurait le rôle. Le gouvernement avait pourtant l'intention d'encadrer le secteur agricole dans le nouveau appareil institutionnel et de promovoir sa modernisation. Après, et en conséquence de la crise du secteur céréalier, le mouvement associatif devenit plus indépendant du pouvoir et fonctionna surtout comme la voix des groupes de pression favorables au protectionnisme.

Trata-se de um estudo teórico, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental realizada no doutorado. O artigo analisa a estruturação do campo geriátrico/gerontológico, examinando os conceitos de envelhecimento ativo e funcionalidade, demarcando, em particular, o alinhamento de tais termos aos movimentos da prevenção e promoção da saúde. A tônica que vem se tornando hegemônica é a ênfase comportamental, com destaque para as mudanças nos estilos de vida. O discurso que prepondera anuncia o processo de envelhecimento e adoecimento cada vez mais como resultado de crescente empenho individual (e/ou familiar) e independente das políticas públicas. Nessa direção, o presente artigo problematiza os rebatimentos dessa concepção autopreservacionista em contexto de focalização das políticas públicas e ressalta a importância de maior investimento por parte de pesquisadores da área, no sentido de construir mediações mais críticas sobre o envelhecimento populacional, desvelando as complexas contradições que marcam a velhice da classe trabalhadora no Brasil. Palavras-Chave: geriatria/gerontologia; envelhecimento ativo; prevenção da saúde; promoção da saúde; ênfase comportamental.

A proposta de aprofundar as reflexões críticas em torno do envelhecimento populacional e o impacto dos cuidados no universo das famílias instigou a problematização dos dispositivos de proteção social dirigidos ao segmento idoso. Nessa direção, o artigo discorre sobre os cuidados domiciliares, na lógica do trabalho reprodutivo, mediante a configuração familista das políticas sociais brasileiras e dos paradigmas hegemônicos nas áreas da geriatria e gerontologia. A principal ênfase desse estudo repousa sobre a naturalização da responsabilização familiar no cenário contemporâneo de aumento da população idosa com maiores probabilidades de perdas funcionais, aliado às mudanças socioeconômicas e aos novos arranjos familiares. Reafirma-se o quanto é elementar lançar luz sobre essas questões, contribuindo para que assumam maior transparência em momento histórico tão nebuloso. Além disso, situam-se as demandas de cuidados impostas às famílias da classe trabalhadora como um desafio a ser enfrentado por políticas efetivamente públicas.Palavras-Chave: envelhecimento; cuidado; família; políticas sociais. Abstract – The proposal to deepen the critical reflections about the aging population and the impact of caregiving in the universe of families instigated the problematization of the social protection devices directed to the elderly segment. In this sense, this article deals with home care in the logic of reproductive work, through the familistic configuration of Brazilian social policies and hegemonic paradigms in the areas of geriatrics and gerontology. The main emphasis of this study rests on the naturalization of family responsibility in the contemporary scenario of an increasingly older population with greater probabilities of functional losses along with socioeconomic changes and new family arrangements. It reaffirms how fundamental it is to shed light on these issues, helping to ensure greater transparency in such a nebulous historical moment. In addition, it places the demands of care imposed on working-class families as a challenge to be faced by effectively public policies.Keywords: aging; caregiving; family; social policies.

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the personal meanings of hosting experiences of first-generation immigrant families, particularly Filipino mothers in New Zealand, with their visiting relatives (VRs) from the Philippines by using the conceptual lens of hospitality.Design/methodology/approachThrough a qualitative approach, a multi-sited fieldwork was carried out to examine kinship ties that bind immigrant-host families in New Zealand with their VRs from the Philippines. Results of in-depth interviews of immigrant-host mothers on their recollections of family visits were thematically analysed.FindingsThe main drivers that shape the hosting experiences of the research participants are modelling filial piety, fulfilling cultural expectations and strengthening family bonds. These main drivers enable sustaining intergenerational ties that unite the mother's families in the Philippines and those in New Zealand.Research limitations/implicationsThe study elucidates the complex dynamics of culturally connected and motivated domestic hospitality, where the mother is the main protagonist and orchestrator. This dominance is often subdued, and thus, marketing for family often misses the mark. While the study has a small sample size and therefore lacks representativeness, qualitative accounts have produced an enriched cognitive schema that would enable an interesting way of examining the phenomenon.Practical implicationsThis study reveals that matrilineal influence on family tourism among migrant Filipinos in New Zealand is strong and culturally influenced. Further studies may be done with families from other cultures and families. From a practical perspective, the findings suggest the importance of marketing tourism or hospitality products that facilitate visiting friends and relatives' travel through domestic hospitality.Social implicationsThis research calls for reforms in the way family tourism is marketed. While commercial imperatives did not drive this research, findings indicate that certain cultures adhere to the wisdom of mothers on making the final decision on how hospitality has to be extended and manifested.Originality/valueIn the context of family tourism, inadequate research has been undertaken to examine the perspectives of women and their role as host in the travel of VFR. This study purports to fill in the gap in literature related to hosting experiences of women in the context of family tourism and VFR travel and to consider the voices of women in their new homeland.

Com instauração da democracia em Portugal, em 1974, o poder local assumiu a tarefa de fazer chegar às populações o saneamento básico, a água canalizada e a eletricidade que em muitas localidades do país ainda escasseavam. Na cidade de Évora diversas habitações do Centro Histórico e dos bairros limítrofes careciam também de algumas destas infraestruturas. Por outro lado, tornava-se percetível que os residentes da cidade antiga tendiam a deslocar-se para os novos bairros onde encontravam melhores condições de habitabilidade e um edificado menos degradado. Foi neste contexto que o executivo camarário começou a «trabalhar um plano de recuperação da cidade, conhecido pelo Programa de Recuperação do Centro Histórico, cuja finalidade principal [era] defender e melhorar o património cultural e arquitectónico da Évora antiga», segundo o publicado no jornal Diário Popular em 23 de julho de 1981. O desenvolvimento do projeto culminou na inscrição do Centro Histórico de Évora na lista do Património Mundial da UNESCO, em 26 de novembro de 1986. Entre 1981 e 1986 a Câmara Municipal de Évora desenvolveu um conjunto de iniciativas e de experiências que ficaram documentadas em múltiplas notícias e artigos divulgados em jornais e revistas. Com base na análise destes documentos, o presente estudo questiona o processo eborense sobre a importância atribuída à comunicação, à divulgação e ao o envolvimento das populações, na dinâmica e nas ações promovidas pelo executivo camarário com vista ao reconhecimento do valor universal do Centro Histórico de Évora. / After the establishment of democracy in Portugal, in 1974, local government has taken on the task of bringing basic sanitation, piped water and electricity to the populations in manylocalities of the country. In the city of Évora, severalhouses of the Historic Center and neighboring districts requiredsome of these infrastructures. Therefore, itbecame apparent that the residents of the old city tended to move to new neighborhoods, wheretheycouldfindbetterhousing conditions and lessdegraded buildings. It was in thiscontextthat the city councilbegan to "work out a plan for the recovery of the city, known as the Historic Center Recovery Program, which the main purposeis [was] to defend and improve the cultural and architectural heritage of the ancient Évora", (DiárioPopular, 23 July,1981, p.4). The development of the projectculminated in the inscription of the Historic Center of Évora in the list of the UNESCO World Heritage,on November 26, 1986. Between 1981 and 1986, Évora city councildeveloped a set of initiatives and experiencesthat have been documented in several news and articles published in newspapers and magazines. Based on the analysis of these documents, ourpaper examines the process of communication, dissemination, and the popularinvolvement in the dynamics and initiatives promoted by the city council, in order to recognize the universal value of the Historic Centre of Évora./ Con la instauración de la democracia en Portugal en 1974 los gobiernos locales comenzaron a tener competencias en infraestructuras, motivo por el que se iniciaron trabajos de instalación de saneamiento, abastecimiento y electricidad en numerosas áreas del país en las que todavía aquellas eran escasas. En la ciudad de Évora diversas viviendas del centro histórico y de los barrios limítrofes carecían de algunas de estas infraestructuras. Además, se percibía que los residentes de la ciudad antigua tendían a desplazarse hacia los nuevos barrios donde encontraban mejores condiciones de habitabilidad y edificios menos degradados. En este contexto, el municipio comenzó a «trabajar en un plan de recuperación de la ciudad, conocido como "Programa de Recuperación del Centro Histórico", cuya finalidad principal era defender y mejorar el patrimonio cultural y arquitectónico de la Évora antigua (Diario Popular, 23 de julio de 1981). El desarrollo de este proyecto culminó con la inscripción del centro histórico de Évora en la lista del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO, el 26 de noviembre de 1986. Entre 1981 y 1986 el Ayuntamiento de Évora desarrolló un conjunto de iniciativas y de experiencias que quedaron documentadas en múltiples noticias y artículos divulgados en periódicos y revistas. Con base al análisis de estos documentos, el presente estudio cuestiona la importancia de la comunicación, divulgación e implicación de la sociedad en las acciones promovidas por el Ayuntamiento de Évora con el objetivo de que se reconociera el valor universal del Centro Histórico de Évora.

Desde a sua génese, as exposições nacionais, internacionais ou universais integraram as artes nas suas estratégias de promoção e divulgação. Esta situação verificou-se também com a Exposição Ibero-americana de Sevilha, que se propunha reunir os dois países ibéricos e as nações surgidas das suas antigas colónias no continente americano num mesmo evento expositivo. Para a cidade de Sevilha a Exposição proporcionou uma reconfiguração urbanística e a afirmação da arquitetura andaluza. Para Portugal foi uma oportunidade para a divulgação do país nos circuitos do turismo internacional, em particular nos itinerários transatlânticos. A campanha de promoção nacional mobilizou o Ministério do Interior, o Conselho Nacional de Turismo e o Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros. A nível regional, vários Municípios e Comissões de Iniciativa promoveram iniciativas de valorização das suas cidades e territórios. Para a participação na exposição e para a campanha de promoção do país, o governo português recorreu a artistas de várias áreas, como foi o caso de Almada Negreiros, à época um jovem artista, a quem encomendou o cartaz oficial da participação portuguesa na Exposição. Por seu lado, o Pavilhão de Portugal foi concebido pelos irmãos arquitetos Rebelo de Andrade, num estilo historicista que evocava períodos gloriosos da história do país. E o Guia Oficial da Exposição Portuguesa em Sevilha incluía numerosas fotografias, que representavam não só os monumentos mais emblemáticos dos centros urbanos, mas também as praias e estâncias termais para onde se pretendia atrair os turistas. No plano regional, a expectativa das vantagens económicas do turismo deu origem a encomendas a jornalistas, fotógrafos, pintores, escritores e até mesmo realizadores. A tipicidade das gentes portuguesas, os usos e costumes, a beleza das paisagens, a história e os monumentos das cidades e vilas eram as temáticas dominantes dos trabalhos efetuados. O objetivo da comunicação é explicar de que modo as artes (arquitetura, pintura, fotografia, cinema, literatura, nomeadamente) foram centrais para a propaganda de Portugal durante a Exposição Ibero-americana de Sevilha em 1929. / Since its origin that national, international or universal exhibitions sought out to integrate the arts in its promotion and diffusion. This strategy was followed in the Ibero- American Exhibition in Seville, which had the purpose to bring together Spain and Portugal and the Nations that had arisen from their former colonies in the Americas in the same exhibition. For the city of Seville the exhibition was an opportunity for an urban redesign and the affirmation of Andalusian architecture. For Portugal the exhibition was an opportunity for the dissemination of the country in international tourism circuits, in particular in transatlantic routes. The campaign to promote Portugal mobilized the Ministry of the Interior, the National Council of tourism and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the regional level, several municipalities and Initiative Committees promoted valuation iniciatives of their cities and territories. For the participation in the exhibition and to the country's promotion campaign, the Portuguese Government appealed to artists from different areas, as was the case of Almada Negreiros, then a young artist, to whom was commissioned the official poster of the Portuguese participation in the exhibition. The Portugal Pavilion was designed by the architect brothers Rebelo de Andrade, in a historicist style evoking glorious periods of the country's history. And the official guide of the exhibition in Seville included numerous photographs, representing not only the most emblematic monuments of the city centers, but also how beaches and along resorts to where one intended to attract tourists. At a regional level, the expectation of the economic benefits of tourism gave rise to order works to reporters, photographers, painters, writers and even filmmakers. The typicality of the Portuguese people, the uses and customs, the beauty of the landscapes, the history and monuments of the cities and towns were the dominant themes of the work performed. The objective of the communication is to explain how the Arts (architecture, painting, photography, cinema, literature, in particular) were central to the propaganda of Portugal during the Ibero-American Exhibition in Seville in 1929.

The building of water supply and lighting infrastructures - a fundamental factor in the urban modernisation process - was a common subject in Portuguese political rhetoric in the first half of the 20th century. Given that during that time Portugal went form a liberal regime (the First Republic) to authoritarian rule (the New State), the aims of this paper are to: - review the arguments, which were used by both regimes to appropriate the discourse on infrastructures;~ - identify the technical and technological options and the business models employed to build and manage the networks; - establish the rate at which they were implemented. The paper also attempts to fit the Portuguese case into the models and innovation processes followed in other countries.

In democratic countries, government websites became an important channel for interaction with the public administration in the last few years. Nevertheless, several issues have an impact on the way users access to content and information. Lack of accessibility and usability or, in the broad sense, lack of concern with user needs, can still be found in many government websites. To address the problem, a previous literature review on e-government information delivery attributes was performed. Based on this review, a large set of attributes related to quality was obtained to evaluate these dimensions in the context of e-government. The purpose of this study is to better understand which of these attributes are the most valued, in the users' perspective, for evaluating content delivered by government websites. A qualitative approach was adopted, using Focus Group interviews as a strategy to obtain data and Thematic Analysis to analyze such data. The main results highlighted the attributes related to content delivery, interaction, and emotional aspects. User Experience, accessibility, and usability were prioritized by Focus Group participants.

In recent years, tourism has experienced increasing interest from researchers in various areas, a fact that has resulted not only in a diversity of approaches from which this theme can be treated, but also in the uncovering of the interconnections that exist between tourism and the development of the economy of transport and of society. Thus, tourist growth in each country has been the subject of several studies, ranging from economics to the political and cultural aspects associated with publicizing the country as well as to the links between tourism and transport developments. Research on the institutions promoting tourism and the magazines in which it is advertised has led to an understanding of the role that professionals such as engineers have played in promoting the activity and how they have long regarded it as a form of development for the economy and for transport. The study of travel guides is another possible approach to understanding the links between tourism and transport. Utilitarian in their nature, travel guides are a reflection of the economic, social, cultural and technological changes that, over time, have been introduced into travel for cultural purposes or for summer vacations, and which gradually have come to be participated in by increasingly larger social groups. The analysis of various tourist guides allows for an approach to various themes, particularly the different forms of transport and the new industries that technological and industrial development have made available for travelers/tourists. Analyzing the 20th century tourism phenomenon thereby implies understanding all the economic, social, political and technological changes that were initiated in the second half of the 18th century and which eventually brought about today's phenomenon of 'mass tourism'. Access to tourist travel – for improving knowledge, for leisure or even for therapeutic reasons – at the beginning of the 18th century, a privilege of the aristocracy, was gradually extended to include the rich bourgeoisie. Throughout the 19th century, it embraced even wider social strata through the development of transport and communications. However, in the 20th century its high level of growth allowed tourism to become, for many regions and even for some countries, one of the main sources of income and an important support for the economy. Throughout the 20th century, new achievements were established in the world of work, such as the right to paid holidays, which contributed largely to increase the numbers of those who could spend their leisure time getting to know other places and other cultures. Many of the changes that occurred in tourism were determined by the technological and industrial innovations that generated an increase in and a broadening of new means of transport. As Catherine Bertho Lavenir observes, "les voyages changent comme changent les techniques" (Lavenir 1999: 9). According to this author, today's characteristics of tourism are the result of an evolution marked by three distinct moments, separated by technological changes. The first period was the age of coaches and railways. The article seeks to examine the links that, from the late 19th century into the early decades of the 20th, were established in Portugal between tourism and transport, connecting them with the strategies followed by railway companies, cycling associations, the Automobile Club of Portugal (1903) and Sociedade de Propaganda de Portugal (1906) in the promotion of tourism travel within Portugal and abroad.