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The decline and dissolution of eastern Germany's agricultural productioncooperatives (APCs) has been anticipated by formal economic theory sincereunification on the grounds of inefficiency.1 Yet, more recent scholarshipon the varieties of capitalism tells us that efficiency does not lead to simpleconvergence of market forms, but rather that different institutional solutionsand social systems of production can achieve desired ends—includingefficiency—with varied designs.2 Today, the cooperative farm sector, underpinnedby conservative, democratic governance, persists without naivetéand little nostalgia on the cusp of a new postcommunist generation and stillaccounts for the largest share of agricultural production in eastern Germany.Even if the cooperative farming sector follows a slow decline, thefirms will convert or persist depending less on their ability to achieveefficiency as on their ability to maintain productive land holdings, and topromote a new generation of management and enthusiastic members committednot to nostalgia but toward the future of their own lives, their firms,and their local communities. Some of the cooperatives are likely to persistfor a long time. In this article, in an effort to understand the environmentin which cooperatives face the future, I provide an eyewitness account ofthe internal politics between workers and bosses, highlight survival strategies,consider the institutional constraints and supports facing cooperatives,and sketch portraits of the farmers who face the task of carrying the cooperativetradition forward.

This article examines the National Football League's (NFL) policy on illicit psychoactive drugs from a harm reduction perspective. The NFL's policy reinforces the punitive tradition in U.S. drug policy. The policy features drug testing and requires abstinence from illegal drugs. The NFL punishes players with suspensions from employment and loss of pay. The harm reduction tradition does not require abstinence and counts lost employment as a form of harm to workers. The article analyzes three cases of player suspensions from a harm reduction perspective. An introductory proposal to reform the NFL's policy emphasizes intensive communication by the league with the community of stakeholders, including advertisers and the public. The article addresses both the league's need for public approval and the goal of reducing harm to its workers.

AbstractRacially coded language that appeals to racial bias without open bigotry has a long history in the politics of the United States. Politicians intentionally activate the latent racial biases of both racial conservatives and center‐left liberals without explicitly talking about race. Conservative positions on significant policy areas have shifted over time on the basis of coded racial appeals. Fundamental rights are coded as white rights. Government actions to aid the poor or reduce discrimination are coded as black threats. The racial dimension explains the changing positions of American conservatism on gun rights, crime and mass incarceration, immigration, the welfare state, federalism, and economic policy. White racial identity, mobilized by coded political talk, restrains the potential for cross‐racial coalitions and perpetuates the political repression of nonwhite Americans.