Suchergebnisse

There are functional differences related to the peculiarities of each settlement. The material used to manufacture tools is one of the key factors in the analysis of use-wear traces in traceological studies. An experiment was conducted to test the development of these functional traces in two types of flints found at two Middle Palaeolithic settlements: Neogene flint, from the Fuente Mudarra open-air site Sierra de Atapuerca, and Cretaceous flint, from the Prado Vargas cave site, Ojo Guareña. After reviewing the characteristic of each type of flint, they were compared to previous archaeological studies in order to check the reliability of the analysis of these settlements.

1 10 12 24 ; OJS ; Cosculluela, J. A. (1918). Cuatro años en la Ciénaga de Zapata. La Habana: Imprenta y Papelería La Universal de Ruiz y Ca. ; [EN] During the 19th and 20th centuries, numerous museums, scientific societies, and royal academies were founded in Europe and America. In this scenario, the Anthropological Museum Montané was founded in Havana, Cuba. Its collection has grown over the years, thanks to researchers, antiquarians, and amateurs. Since its foundation, the Museum Montané has become an essential institution for anthropological and archaeological research in the region. Nowadays, the Museum Montané, like other museums in developing countries, faces a challenge in the introduction of state-of-the-art technologies to digitizing exhibits and the creation of innovative projects to attract visitors. The current possibilities of virtualization of cultural heritage using digital technologies have a favorable impact on the preservation, access, and management of museum collections. The use of three-dimensional (3D) models fosters engagement with visitors, stimulates new forms of learning, and revalorizes the exhibits. In the current study, we use a hand-held structured light scanner to create 3D reality-based models of pre-Columbian crania from the Caribbean and South American collection of the Anthropological Museum Montané. The resulting 3D models were used for producing 3D printing replicas and animated videos. The 3D resources derived will encourage new knowledge through research, and provide broader access to these pre-Columbian crania collection through learning and outreach activities. The significance of digitizing these specimens goes beyond the creation of 3D models. It means protecting these fragile and valuable collections for future generations. The methodology and results reported here can be used in other museums with similar collections to digitally document, study, protect, and disseminate the archaeological heritage. Going forward, we seek to continue exploring the application of ...

21 pages, 10 figures, 1 table. ; [EN] The "Sima del Elefante" (TE site) (Atapuerca, Spain) is a major cave infill with a stratigraphic succession 25 m thick and 15 m wide, wealthy in animal bones and evidences of human occupation at different Pleistocene ages. TE site is under systematic excavation since 1996, and the inferior and superior levels are being dug up independently. The exposed section has been divided into 21 lito-stratigraphic units defined by major unconformities. Concerning the cave history, at least three main infill phases have been identified. The lower phase (TE8-TE14) is dated to Early Pleistocene (between 1.1 and 1.4 million years ago) on the basis of inverse paleomagnetics and belonging to the later Early Pleistocene on the basis of biochronology. The TE lower phase is providing a rich faunal assemblage, and shows evidence of human occupation. A set of stone tools of flint, and possibly, calcareous, is being found at these levels. Hence, the lower part of the TE section documents early presence of hominids in Europe and constituted an important element in the understanding of human dispersions out-of-Africa. The middle phase (TE15-TE19) dated to Middle Pleistocene and it is further sud-divided into a basal part (TE15-TE17), still largely unexplored, but no vertebrate fossil record is present at this levels. Units TE18, and mainly TE19 unit, date to late Middle Pleistocene, and contain an abundant record of large mammals as well as stone tools included in calcareous breccias. The TE19 G level contains abundant pieces of charcoal, though verification of its antropic character is pending. Finally, the third and last sedimentary phase (TE20 and TE21) date to Last Pleistocene and it defined the final infilling of the cavity and soil formation. The chronological intervals represented in the fertile levels of the Sima del Elefante enlarge the temporal and biostratigraphic local succession at the Atapuerca Hill complex. The lower phase was deposited in a time previous to the lower levels from Gran Dolina site (TD4), whereas the TE upper levels possibly correspond to a moment later than the sedimentation of Galería GIII/GIV, and Gran Dolina TD10/TD11. In addition, the structural features of the TE site together with its sedimentary and arqueo-paleontological record allow the eventual exploration of problems that remain unresolved in other Atapuerca cave sites. ; [ES] El yacimiento de la Sima del Elefante (TE) (Atapuerca, España) se localiza en el extremo sur de la trinchera del ferrocarril de la Sierra de Atapuerca. TE constituye una sección transversal de una antigua galería kárstica totalmente colmatada de sedimentos pleistocenos. La secuencia estratigráfica completa alcanza los 25 m de potencia y ha sido dividida en 21 unidades lito-estratigráficas delimitadas por discontinuidades mayores. La historia de la cavidad puede ordenarse en al menos tres fases. La fase inferior (niveles TE8 a TE14) data del tercio final del Pleistoceno Inferior, con una cronología entre 1.1 y 1.4 millones de años. Es rica en registro arqueo-paleontológico y presenta claras evidencias de actividad antrópica. Dada su cronología, los niveles inferiores de TE representan un importante referente para la comprensión de la primera colonización humana de Europa. La fase intermedia la constituyen las unidades TE15 a TE19. El tramo basal de esta segunda fase de relleno (TE15 a TE17) hasta la fecha no ha deparado contenido fósil. El tramo superior (TE18 y TE19), cuya cronología parece corresponder a la parte final del Pleistoceno Medio, es rica en restos de grandes mamíferos e industria lítica sobre sílex y cuarcita. La unidad TE19 se caracteriza por una sucesión de coladas detríticas ("debris-flow") (TE19A a TE19G), con matriz muy dura y carbonatada, rica en huesos de grandes mamíferos y ausencia de micromamíferos. El nivel TE19G contiene abundantes restos de carbón pendiente de verificar su posible carácter antrópico. Finalmente, la tercera y última fase de relleno (TE20 y TE21) corresponde al Pleistoceno superior y se define por la colmatación final de la cavidad y formación de un horizonte edáfico. Los intervalos cronológicos representados en los niveles fértiles de la Sima del Elefante (TE) complementan la secuencia cronológica y bioestratigráfica local del complejo Atapuerca. La fase inferior de TE tuvo lugar en un tiempo anterior a los niveles inferiores de Gran Dolina (TD4), mientras que el relleno de las unidades superiores de TE corresponde a un momento posterior a la sedimentación de GIII/GIV de Galería y TD10/TD11 de Gran Dolina. ; The MCYT Project BOS2003-08938- C03-02, and the CSIC Unidades Asociadas program have funded this research. The government of Junta de Castilla y León funded fieldwork. Thanks are also given to the Fundación Atapuerca for his financial support to several authors of this contribution. ; Peer reviewed