Suchergebnisse

Cover -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Part 1: Foundations of Public Health Nutrition -- Chapter 1: Introduction to Public Health Nutrition -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- Global PHN -- PHN: Definitions -- PHN: Training and Workforce -- PHN: Positions and Career Settings -- PHN: Future Trends -- Conclusion -- Key Concepts -- Case Study: A Public Health Nutritionist's Process for Increasing Access to Healthful Foods in Urban and Rural Communities With Mobile Food Markets -- Suggested Learning Activities -- Reflection Questions -- Continue Your Learning Resources -- Glossary -- References -- Chapter 2: Nutrition Epidemiology Principles -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- Let Us Consider Public Health First -- Let Us Now Consider Epidemiology as a Public Health Building Block -- History of Epidemiology -- Biostatistical Principles in Epidemiology -- Study Types and Organization -- Conclusion -- Key Concepts -- Case Study: 56-Year-Old White Female Presents With Worsening Osteopenia -- Suggested Learning Activities -- Reflection Questions -- Continue Your Learning Resources -- Glossary -- References -- Chapter 3: Nutrition Epidemiology Research Methods -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction -- Research Methods and Study Designs in Public Health Nutrition -- Role of Epidemiology in Informing Evidence-Based Programs -- Assessing Nutrition Status in Epidemiological Research -- Basing Practice On Best Available Evidence (Whatever That Is) -- Conclusion -- Key Concepts -- Case Study: Assessing Potential Factors of Increasing Prevalence of Asthma in Cameroon Through a Validated Food Frequency Questionnaire -- Suggested Learning Activities -- Reflection Questions -- Continue Your Learning Resources -- Glossary -- References -- Chapter 4: Behavioral Aspects of Public Health Nutrition -- Learning Objectives -- Introduction.

Introduction to Public Health Nutrition / Marsha Spence and Courtney Schand -- Nutrition Epidemiology Principles / Erin Bouldin, Karen Grimmer, and Ronny A. Bell -- Nutrition Epidemiology Research Methods / Erin Bouldin, Karen Grimmer, Jamie Griffin, and Ronny A. Bell -- Behavioral Aspects of Public Health / Karen Chapman-Novakofski and Kristen D. DiFilippo -- Public Health and Food Policy : Role in Public Health Nutrition / Lindsey Haynes-Maslow and Stephanie Bell Jilcott Pitts -- Cultural Aspects of Public Health Nutrition / Carol Anne Hartwick-Pflaum, John Coveney, David N. Cox, and Claude Fischler -- Promoting Nutritional Health, Healthy Food Systems, and Well Being of the Community / Adam Hege, Alisha Farris, Amy Dailey, and Maria Julian -- Rural Health : Importance of Inter-Professional Approach / Kyle L. Thompson, Melissa Gutschall, and Dominique M. Rose -- Urban Health and Urbanization : Acting on Social Determinants in Urban Settings / Arelis Moore de Peralta, Michelle Eichinger, and Leslie Hossfeld -- Global Health : Importance of Inter-Professional Approach / Lauren R. Sastre, Jigna M. Dharod, and Danielle L. Nunnery -- Community Assessments in Public Health Nutrition / Becky Adams and Karen L. Probert -- Public Health Nutrition Program Planning / Becky Adams and Karen L. Probert -- Public Health Nutrition Interventions and Evaluation / Jessica Soldavini, Caitlin Hildebrand, and Alice Ammerman -- Current Nutrition-Related Health Issues and Challenges / Amanda Hege, Kendra Oo, and Joanna Cummings -- Professional Development Needs and Strategies in Public Health Nutrition / Kyle L. Thompson and Olivia Anderson -- Summary Statements on Sustainability and Public Health Nutrition / Sonya Jones and Dennis Lanigan -- Future Challenges, Trends, and Opportunities / Gizem Templeton, Hilary A. Campbell, and Nihal Destan Aytekin Hatik.

The burden of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) has increased substantially in the United States, particu­larly in health disparity populations. Little is known about the epidemiology of ADRD in American Indian (AI) adults, although they have a high prevalence of ADRD risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking. Using electronic health records from a large health care organization during 2016-18, we describe characteristics of AI patients aged ≥55 years with and without an ADRD diagnosis, assess ADRD risk factors and contrast findings with results from age- and sex-matched non- Hispanic White (NHW) patients. To identify factors associated with ADRD diagnoses, we estimated population-averaged prevalence rate ratios to approximate relative risk (RR) using generalized estimating equations models adjusted for age, sex, and marital and rural residency status. The age-adjusted prevalence of ADRD diagnosis was 6.6% of AI patients, compared with 4.4% in NHW patients. Patient age and diagnosis of hy­pertension, depression, hyperlipidemia, or diabetes were significantly associated with higher risk of ADRD diagnosis in AIs (RR range: 1.1-2.8) whereas female sex or being married/having a partner were associated with lower risk of ADRD diagnosis (each RR=.7). ADRD risk factors were generally similar between AI and NHW patients, except for sex and marital status. However, the adjusted risk of ADRD was approxi­mately 49% higher in AI patients. To our knowledge, our study is the first to examine ADRD diagnoses and comorbidities in AIs across a large geographical region in south­west United States. Future efforts to confirm our findings in diverse AI communities are warranted. Ethn Dis. 2020;30(4):671-680; doi:10.18865/ed.30.4.671

We examined the short-term impact of the North Carolina Healthy Food Small Retailer Program (HFSRP), a legislatively appropriated bill providing funding up to $25,000 to small food retailers for equipment to stock and promote healthier foods, on store-level availability and purchase of healthy foods and beverages, as well as customer dietary patterns, one year post-policy implementation. We evaluated healthy food availability using a validated audit tool, purchases using customer bag-checks, and diet using self-reported questionnaires and skin carotenoid levels, assessed via Veggie Meter™, a non-invasive tool to objectively measure fruit and vegetable consumption. Difference-in-difference analyses were used to examine changes in HFSRP stores versus control stores after 1 year. There were statistically significant improvements in healthy food supply scores (availability), with the Healthy Food Supply HFS score being −0.44 points lower in control stores and 3.13 points higher in HFSRP stores pre/post HFSRP (p = 0.04). However, there were no statistically significant changes in purchases or self-reported consumption or skin carotenoids among customers in HFSRP versus control stores. Additional time or other supports for retailers (e.g., marketing and promotional materials) may be needed for HFSRP implementation to influence purchase and consumption.

In 2016, the North Carolina (NC) Legislature allocated $250,000 to the NC Department of Agriculture, to identify and equip small food retailers to stock healthier foods and beverages in eastern NC food deserts (the NC Healthy Food Small Retailer Program, HFSRP). The purpose of this study was to examine associations between food store environments, shopping patterns, customer purchases, and dietary consumption among corner store customers. We surveyed 479 customers in 16 corner stores regarding demographics, food purchased, shopping patterns, and self-reported fruit, vegetable, and soda consumption. We objectively assessed fruit and vegetable consumption using a non-invasive reflection spectroscopy device to measure skin carotenoids. We examined associations between variables of interest, using Pearson's correlation coefficients and adjusted linear regression analyses. A majority (66%) of participants were African American, with a mean age of 43 years, and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.0 kg/m2. There were no significant associations between the healthfulness of food store offerings, customer purchases, or dietary consumption. Participants who said they had purchased fruits and vegetables at the store previously reported higher produce intake (5.70 (4.29) vs. 4.60 (3.28) servings per day, p = 0.021) versus those who had not previously purchased fresh produce. The NC Legislature has allocated another $250,000 to the HFSRP for the 2018 fiscal year. Thus, evaluation results will be important to inform future healthy corner store policies and initiatives.