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In: The McGraw-Hill training series
In: Geographies of the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election, S. 173-187
In: Routledge Studies in Rhetoric and Communication 36
Cover; Half Title; Series Page; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Notes on Contributors; 1 Introduction: Rhetoric in the Age of Oil: Energy Humanities and the Discourses of the Petrochemical Industry; SECTION I: Euro-American Case Studies; 2 King Coal versus Prince Petroleo: Imagining Oil, Energy, and Transition in Early Twentieth-Century Britain; 3 Crude Thinking; 4 Rhetorics of Toxicity, Racism, and Religion on the Gulf Coast: Oil and Environmental Justice in BP Spill Documentary Films; 5 When Water Meets Oil: Rupturing Rhetoric and Reality in Energy Policy and Climate Science
In: Marine policy, Band 132, S. 104649
ISSN: 0308-597X
9. "Pronger You Ignorant Ape ... I Hope You Fall Off Space Mountain!": A Study of the Institutional Work of Sport Fans / Mark Julien -- pt. Three Fans and Media -- 10. "Brett Favre is a God": Sports Fans' Perpetuation of Mythology on Newspaper Websites / Allison Harthcock -- 11. Communicating Organizational History to Sports Fans / Matthew Gill -- 12. The Many Faces of "Fans": How the NBA Reaches Out to Its Different Audience Segments / John A. Fortunato -- 13. From Good ol' Boys to National Spectacle: Motives and Identification among Young NASCAR Fans / John S.W. Spinda -- 14. Why Hispanic Fans Are the Lifeblood of Major League Soccer / Ric Jensen -- pt. Four Fans and Gender -- 15. From Football Widow to Fan: Web Narratives of Women and Sports Spectatorship / Lawrence A. Wenner -- 16. Football Fans Do Wear Pink: Game Day Broadcasts, Female Football Fans and Their NFL / Kathy Brady -- 17. Great Expectations: An Analysis of the Fan Base for WNBA's 2008 Expect Great / Katherine L. Lavelle -- pt. Five Fans and Fantasy Sports -- 18. Fantasy Sports and Sports Fandom: Implications for Mass Media Research / Tom Isaacson -- 19. Show Me the Numbers!: Media Dependency and Fantasy Game Participants / Jeff Boone.
Background Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index 60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long- term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.
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