Suchergebnisse

Hungary's history under communism challenges the belief that the eradication of unemployment was a systemic feature of communist governments. As party strategies shifted under changing economic & political conditions, the meaning of unemployment changed. A study of strategies that made unemployment politically unacceptable can shed light on why postcommunist governments have tolerated a degree of unemployment. During the Kadar era in Hungary, employment was seen as the nexus of citizenship & secure living. However, during the 1980s, the communist commitment to employment changed to merely providing income opportunities, such as starting entrepreneurial enterprises. The rise of the second economy allowed communist-era unemployment, & Hungarians became less & less dependent on their main job for their sole support. Especially in those countries where multiple job-holding is practiced, the relationship between unemployment & poverty has become quite weak. L. A. Hoffman

This article argues that annual hours per employed person and per working-age person capture important dimensions of political-economic success that should be weighed against aggregate employment and wealth patterns. It also argues that partisan-driven work-time policies and welfare-regime institutions give rise to diverging Social Democratic, Liberal, and Christian Democratic "worlds" of work time in terms of these two measures. Descriptive statistics for eighteen Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries reveal broad clustering and trends suggestive of the Three Worlds, while panel estimation suggests the influence of partisan and welfare-institutional conditions underlying them. Case study of Finland, the United States, and the Netherlands further illustrates the political process and sequence of the Three Worlds.

This article argues that annual hours per employed person and per working-age person capture important dimensions of political-economic success that should be weighed against aggregate employment and wealth patterns. It also argues that partisan-driven work-time policies and welfare-regime institutions give rise to diverging Social Democratic, Liberal, and Christian Democratic "worlds" of work time in terms of these two measures. Descriptive statistics for eighteen Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries reveal broad clustering and trends suggestive of the Three Worlds, while panel estimation suggests the influence of partisan and welfare-institutional conditions underlying them. Case study of Finland, the United States, and the Netherlands further illustrates the political process and sequence of the Three Worlds. (Original abstract)