Suchergebnisse

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we conducted a survey of all the institutions that provide treatment for psychoactive substances in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil during the period 2004-2005. METHOD: We used a snowball sampling technique to include all the treatment facilities in our State in which we employed a semi-structured interview instrument for key informants at each institution. We present descriptive results and test differences between groups using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: In Espirito Santo, 250 institutions provide treatment for psychoactive substances and are distributed as follows: governmental (17.6%), nongovernmental (22.8%), and self-help groups (59.6%). Of these 250 institutions, 85 provide direct care, with the majority found in the Central region (70.6%) and followed by the Northern (15.3%) and Southern (14.1%) regions. The majority of those that provide direct care are private nonprofit centers (16.8%) institutions with ties to religious organizations make up nearly one-third (30.6%) of direct care providers. The drugs most consumed by those seeking care are alcohol (82.4%), tobacco (81.2%) and marijuana (68.2%). The institutions generally give assistance to people in the 26-45 years age group (89.4%); with regard to gender, the institutions take care of: men (31.8%), women (5.9%), and both sexes (56.5%). The treatment models most used are psychosocial (58.8%), therapeutic community (47.1%) and biomedical (43.5%) and the work is evaluated through the team technique (72.9 %). CONCLUSIONS: In the state of Espirito Santo, indirect care services are many times greater than those that offer direct care and the majority of all services are in the Central region. The populations in the mainland have a comparative disadvantage when it comes to treatment options for psychoactive substance use. We observed that a significant number of institutions that provide drug abuse treatment have financial support from religious organizations. The Espirito Santo State survey demonstrates the necessity of a decentralized provision of specialized care for psychoactive substance users, with substantially more services directed to the Northern and Southern regions of the state. Moreover, the emphasis of these new institutions should be on outpatient care. ; OBJETIVO: Foi realizado um levantamento de todas as instituiçõesque proporcionam tratamento para dependência de substâncias psicoativas no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil, durante o período de 2004-2005. MÉTODO: Foi utilizado o método de amostragem bola-de-neve para incluir todos os estabelecimentos de tratamento no Estado e empregada uma entrevista semi-estruturada para informantes-chave em cada instituição. Os resultados descritivos foram apresentados e as diferenças testadas entre os grupos, utilizando o teste de qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: No Espírito Santo, 250 instituições proporcionam tratamento para dependência de substâncias psicoativas e se distribuem da seguinte forma: governamentais (17,6%), não-governamentais (22,8%) e grupos de auto-ajuda (59,6%). Destas 250 instituições, 85 proporcionam assistência direta e a maioria se encontra na região Central (70,6%), seguido pela região Norte (15,3%) e Sul (14,1%). A maioria daquelas que fazem o atendimento direto são instituições privadas e sem fins lucrativos (16,8%); as que possuem vínculos com organizações religiosas compõem quase um terço do total (30,6%) de prestadores de serviços diretos. As drogas mais consumidas pelos que buscaram atendimento são álcool (82,4%), tabaco (81,2%) e maconha (68,2%). As instituições geralmente atendem pessoas na faixa etária entre 26 e 45 anos (89,4%); com relação ao sexo, as instituições que atendem somente homens perfazem 31,8%; as que só atendem mulheres, 5,9%; e ambos os sexos, 56,5%. Os modelos de tratamento mais utilizados são o psicossocial (58,8%), a comunidade terapêutica (47,1%) e o biomédico (43,5%), sendo o trabalho avaliado por meio da técnica de grupo (72,9%). CONCLUSÕES: No Estado do Espírito Santo, os serviços de atendimento indireto são muito maiores do que os que oferecem atendimento direto; a maioria dos serviços está na região central do Estado. As populações do interior do Estado estão em desvantagem quanto às opções de tratamento para o uso de substâncias psicoativas. Foi observado que um número significativo de instituições que provêem tratamento para o abuso de drogas tem apoio financeiro de organizações religiosas. A pesquisa no Estado do Espírito Santo demonstra a necessidade da descentralização do atendimento especializado para os usuários de substâncias e de consideravelmente mais serviços direcionados às regiões Norte e Sul do Estado. Além disso, a ênfase dessas novas instituições deve ser o tratamento ambulatorial. ; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) ; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) ; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Núcleo de Estudos sobre o Álcool e outras Drogas ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem ; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas ; University of Texas Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas Population Research Center ; UNIFESP, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem ; UNIFESP, Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas ; SciELO

Objective: to characterize chronic renal users who do hemodialysis in a Nephrologic Unit in a city in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul and to relate physical and leisure activities according to perceptions regarding the evaluation of their health in general. Method: quantitative, analytical, descriptive, cross-sectional research with 77 renal chronic users in hemodialysis program. Data was collected from April to July/2010, after approval of the Ethics Committee, Opinion 02780243000-09. Instruments: sociodemographic, physical activity, leisure, health assessment - KDQOL-SFTM. Data analysis using descriptive statistics. Results: the majority are men, married, 45,5% elderly, low education, 64,9% practicing physical activity, 61% of leisure, 37,7% need help with everyday activities. At the intersection of the variables "leisure" and "health assessment", out of 61,0% that realize it, 33,8% rated health as "good" and 24,7% as "regular". Conclusion: the performance of physical activity and/or leisure contributes to quality of life, allowance for qualification of care, prevention and health promotion.

Objective: to identify factors associated to the dependence of older adults with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Method: analytical and epidemiological study with 99 older adults. The Brazilian Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire and a questionnaire composed by socio-demographic and clinical variables were used. The independent variables were described and compared to the level of dependence obtained by the chi-square test or the Fisher test, the strength of association was estimated by Odds Ratio and multiple regression. Results: the level of dependence prevailed in 79.8% of the sample. Higher chances of dependence were associated to: cutting toenails ; performing household chores ; presenting geriatric problems ; urinary incontinence ; time of diagnosis of diabetes ; falls in the past year ; and physical inactivity. Conclusion: considering the positive association of diabetes mellitus to the increased chance of dependence among older adults, there is need for direction and adoption of effective measures to ensure the functionality and quality of life of older adults with diabetes mellitus in a fair and democratic way. ; Univ Estadual Montes Claros, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil ; Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Nursing, Sao Paulo, Brazil ; Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Nursing, Sao Paulo, Brazil ; Web of Science

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify factors associated to the dependence of older adults with Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Method: analytical and epidemiological study with 99 older adults. The Brazilian Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire and a questionnaire composed by socio-demographic and clinical variables were used. The independent variables were described and compared to the level of dependence obtained by the chi-square test or the Fisher test, the strength of association was estimated by Odds Ratio and multiple regression. Results: the level of dependence prevailed in 79.8% of the sample. Higher chances of dependence were associated to: cutting toenails; performing household chores; presenting geriatric problems; urinary incontinence; time of diagnosis of diabetes; falls in the past year; and physical inactivity. Conclusion: considering the positive association of diabetes mellitus to the increased chance of dependence among older adults, there is need for direction and adoption of effective measures to ensure the functionality and quality of life of older adults with diabetes mellitus in a fair and democratic way.