Suchergebnisse

Au bout d'une décennie de Nouvelle Politique Agricole, l'économie arachidière se trouve dans une situation de morosité sans précédent. Et comme l'a bien reconnu le rapport du Groupe de Reflexion Stratégique, qui a été mis sur pied par le ministre de l'agriculture, il faudra, pour relancer le secteur, rompre avec les approches productivistes, qui consistent à vouloir augmenter les surfaces et les productions sans trop se soucier de la rentabilité au niveau de tous les stades de la filière. Les politiques de prix et de commercialisation font partie des facteurs principaux qui affectent les niveau de rentabilité et de compétitivité au sein de la filière arachidière. La réforme de ces politiques devra donc nécessairement faire partie du débat sur la relance du secteur. Le présent papier se propose d'analyser les effets d'une éventuelle réforme de ces politiques sur les incitations à la production et la rentabilité dans le secteur de transformation. Les résultats indiquent qu'une libéralilsation des marchés, sans une réduction substantielle des coûts de commercialisation observés dans le secteur privé, pourrait avoir des conséquences sérieuses pour la compétitivité du secteur de transformation. D'où le besoin d'accorder suffisamment d'attention en cas de libéralisation à l'emergence d'un secteur privé de commercialisation competitif et efficient. Les résultats indiquent également qu'une libéralisation effective des politiques de prix et de commercialisation doit nécessairement aller de pair avec une am??lioration de la productivité et une forte réduction des coûts unitaires de production dans le secteur de transformation. Force est donce de reconnaître que le problème de la filière est loin d'être uniquement un problème de prix et de système de commercialisation ou de production. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1 ; MSSD

Although the techniques that are being used have become much more sophisticated, recent methodological developments in market research have hardly gone beyond the econometric test of market integration. While more efficient methods are being proposed to analyze price interdependence, the implications at the farm level and for agricultural transformation are not part of the analysis. However, one would expect reforming governments to be more interested in issues such as i) the implications of market integration for the operation of local markets, ii) its impact on the process of domestic market reforms, iii) strategies to improve the degree of integration, and iv) the benefits of doing so. It is well known that the ultimate impact at the local level of changes in macroeconomic policies depend to a large extent on the adjustment at the meso-level, meaning the marketing sector. Consequently, understanding the impact of economic policy reforms at the local level requires an integrated approach to analyzing macroeconomic and marketing policy changes. The present paper develops a model which, while starting from the integration approach, offers an extension of the latter to show the implication of market integration for the adjustment of local markets to policy reforms. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1 ; MSSD

For Niger, the development of agriculture is essential to strategies to raise incomes and eradicate poverty in a sustainable manner, without further depleting its natural resource base. While traditional approaches to agricultural development have emphasized food security and have been rather technology focused, African countries are increasingly emphasizing the role of innovation in development.'Fostering transformation and growth in Niger's agricultural sector' seeks to further the understanding of potential innovations that can sustainably transform the agriculture sector in Niger. This publication uses the agricultural value chain perspective to provide a reference point for improvements in supporting services and the business environment. The first part describes several innovations that could contribute to enhancing agricultural productivity. Particularly interesting is the emphasis on the grassroots nature of some of these innovations. The second part offers a reference point for improvements in supporting services, the business and institutional environments that can contribute to pro-poor initiatives and to a stronger linkage of smallholders to markets. The comprehensive approach taken in this book ensures its contribution to an understanding of transformative innovations in agriculture as well as enabling conditions

This chapter aims to assess the performance of and policy responses to Africa's rapidly emerging traditional staples value chains, which are dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the processing and trading segments. It addresses questions related to policy process issues such as (1) whether public intervention policies in Africa are in line with the needs and performance of the rapidly transforming value chains, and (2) how African governments should align policy interventions in emerging mid-chain segments to foster effective value chain development. The chapter uses the example of one of the most dynamic and fastest-growing staples value chains in Africa, the millet value chain in Senegal, thus contributing specifically to Senegal's agro-industrial policy discourse. We begin with a review of value chain development evolution as a concept and in practice in Africa as a whole and outline a comprehensive list of critical policy concerns and priorities that must be addressed to respond to the needs of midstream value chain segments. ; PR ; IFPRI4; ReSAKSS ; AFR

PR ; IFPRI4; CRP2 ; WCAO; PIM ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)

Africa's improved growth performance over the last 15 years provides an opportunity for the continent to transit from recovery to structural transformation. This paper reviews the evolution of development theory and practice, the role of agriculture therein, and the pace of structural transformation in Africa over the last 50 years. The evolution has involved shifting roles of industry vs. agriculture and that of government, and the public sector vs. markets and the private sector. Government intervention in favour of industrialization in the 1960s-1970s resulted in the neglect of agriculture, poor growth performance, and a productivity-reducing structural transformation, characterized by an increasing concentration of low productivity labour in the informal service sector. The paper suggests a move away from the dual-economy to a three-dimensional model that pays greater attention to the large informal segment of the service sector. A successful transformation will require accelerated agricultural productivity growth, a modernized informal service sector, and effective industrialization strategies, with balanced roles for government, markets, and the private sector, all supported by country-led, evidence-based strategies exemplified under the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP).

International audience ; AbstractThis paper analyzes the relationship between health expenditures and productivity in Senegal by using a dynamic recursive computable general equilibrium (CGE) model that has been run from 2011 to 2020. This model links the growth rate of agricultural productivity to household investment in health goods taking into account catastrophic health payments considered as barriers to achieve maximal productivity gains. In fact, despite being a potential catalyst for productivity, out-of-pocket health expenditures can be a burden after a critical threshold has been crossed and might potentially decrease household resources and place constraints on the productivity-generating process. Results show a positive impact on poverty reduction when the Government reduces the burden on households by financing catastrophic payment overshoots. Lower health costs also appear to improve households' well-being, especially in the case of agricultural households. These results suggest the need for policies which will reduce the health system's reliance on out-of-pocket payments and demonstrate that health programs should reach the most vulnerable households. The effectiveness of poverty-orientated interventions can be increased by targeting households incurring catastrophic health expenditures.

Africa requires a new agricultural transformation that is appropriate for Africa, that recognizes the continent's diverse environments and climates, and that takes into account its histories and cultures while benefiting rural smallholder farmers and their families.In this boldly optimistic book, Sir Gordon Conway, Ousmane Badiane, and Katrin Glatzel describe the key challenges faced by Africa's smallholder farmers and present the concepts and practices of Sustainable Intensification (SI) as opportunities to sustainably transform Africa's agriculture sector and the livelihoods of millions of smallholders. The way forward, they write, will be an agriculture sector deeply rooted within SI: producing more with less, using fertilizers and pesticides more prudently, adapting to climate change, improving natural capital, adopting new technologies, and building resilience at every stage of the agriculture value chain.Food for All in Africa envisions a virtuous circle generated through agricultural development rooted in SI that results in greater yields, healthier diets, improved livelihoods for farmers, and sustainable economic opportunities for the rural poor that in turn generate further investment. It describes the benefits of digital technologies for farmers and the challenges of transforming African agricultural policies and creating effective and inspiring leadership.Food for All in Africa demonstrates why we should take on the challenge and provides ideas and methods through which it can be met

The need to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) has raised the profile of social sector investments in Africa and other developing countries. As a result, many African countries are pressured to emphasize short-term concerns related to the symptoms of poverty at the expense of the longer-term needs to raise productivity and incomes, and thereby tackle the real roots of poverty. Because of scarce budget resources, there is a major challenge for African governments in terms of ensuring the necessary consistency of policies and strategies to promote long-term economic growth, raise smallholder productivity, achieve food security, and reduce poverty, while providing the social services that respond to immediate welfare requirements. The main objective of the convergence agenda exposed in this paper is to identify strategies that would allow developing countries to improve the management of public expenditures so as to raise the chances of meeting the income growth and social needs of their populations under tight budget constraints. In this paper we have (1) discussed the terminology used in describing the problem being studied and formulated the assumptions and hypotheses underlying the research; (2) defined a typology of growth–poverty pathways; (3) developed metrics to measure the strength of the relationship between growth and poverty reduction; (4) laid out the theory for the measurement of the degree of convergence of public expenditures on social services, that is, the extent to which they are optimized with respect to their impact on labor productivity and growth; and (5) outlined models for (a) the quantification of social services availability at the local level using a single-score concept, (b) the evaluation of the quality and efficiency of public expenditures in social services sectors in rural areas, and (c) the optimization of public expenditures allocation to maximize the impact on growth and poverty reduction; as well as (6) provided initial evidence proving the validity of the theory of convergence. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1; GRP3; GRP26 ; DGO