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Masculine honor has been found to explain the relationship between insults and aggression in the USA. However, detailed accounts of Mediterranean honor cultures suggest that family honor may be more important in explaining cross-cultural differences in aggression. Two studies revealed that people from Turkish honor culture intended to aggress more after being insulted than Dutch people from a nonhonor culture (Study 1), and that this effect was driven by differences in family honor rather than differences in masculine honor (Study 2). We posit that family honor may be a key factor in explaining insult-related aggression in Mediterranean honor cultures.

Cross-cultural psychology has come of age as a scientific discipline, but how has it developed? The field has moved from exploratory studies, in which researchers were mainly interested in finding differences in psychological functioning without any clear expectation, to detailed hypothesis tests of theories of cross-cultural differences. This book takes stock of the large number of empirical studies conducted over the last decades to evaluate the current state of the field. Specialists from various domains provide an overview of their area, linking it to the fundamental questions of cross-cultural psychology such as how individuals and their cultures are linked, how the link evolves during development, and what the methodological challenges of the field are. This book will appeal to academic researchers and post-graduates interested in cross-cultural research

AbstractMany people delay their preparation for retirement. Policy-makers often attempt to motivate people to take timely action by increasing the perceived importance of retirement saving, yet the effectiveness of such strategies can be doubted. We examined why a strategy of emphasizing importance may be ineffective by distinguishing between intention to prepare for retirement and action in actually taking steps toward preparation. Two surveys (n1= 1171;n2= 832) showed that importance and difficulty were both predictive of people's intentions to prepare for retirement, but that difficulty was a much stronger predictor of people's actual actions. Using data from an additional survey (n3= 986), a series of follow-up tests provided further evidence that difficulty of retirement preparation is a stronger predictor of inaction than importance of retirement saving. These findings help explain why policies aimed at simplifying retirement preparation (e.g., automatic enrollment) have been more successful than policies aimed at increasing the importance of retirement saving (e.g., tax advantages).

Résumé Une étude sur l'adhésion au multiculturalisme a porté sur 250 membres du groupe majoritaire dans une ville néerlandaise. On a constaté que cette notion était unidimensionnelle. L'approbation du multiculturalisme était moyenne, et différenciée selon les domaines; les enquêtés étaient neutres face à l'approbation (ou la désapprobation) de la diversité culturelle et des stratégies d'acculturation des membres du groupe majoritaire, approuvaient la participation égale à la vie sociale et les échanges entre membres du groupe majoritaire et immigrés, et désapprouvaient les stratégies d'acculturation des immigrés. Par ailleurs, le sexe, l'âge, et le revenu n'avaient pas d'effet sur l'adhésion au multiculturalisme, tandis que l'éducation avait une influence positive. L'étude reprenait les paramètres d'une étude antérieure, réalisée (en 1999) avant l'assassinat de Fortuyn, le politicien néerlandais. Les résultats de l'étude de 1999 et de celle qui est exposée ici ont donné des résultats identiques.

A study on the support for multiculturalism was carried out among 250 members of the majority group in a Dutch city. The concept of multiculturalism was found to be one‐dimensional. The e2nd2orsement of multiculturalism was moderate and varied across domains; the respondents were neutral towards the (dis)approval of cultural diversity and the acculturation strategies of majority group members, positive towards equal societal participation and interaction between majority group members and immigrants, and negative about the acculturation strategies of immigrants. Further, gender, age and income showed no influence on multiculturalism, while education had a positive effect. The present study replicated an earlier study (in 1999) carried out before the murder on Fortuyn (a Dutch politician). The previous and current studies found identical scores on multiculturalism.

A study on the support for multiculturalism was carried out among 250 members of the majority group in a Dutch city. The concept of multiculturalism was found to be one-dimensional. The endorsement of multiculturalism was moderate and varied across domains; the respondents were neutral towards the (dis)approval of cultural diversity and the acculturation strategies of majority group members, positive towards equal societal participation and interaction between majority group members and immigrants, and negative about the acculturation strategies of immigrants. Further, gender, age and income showed no influence on multiculturalism, while education had a positive effect. The present study replicated an earlier study (in 1999) carried out before the murder on Fortuyn (a Dutch politician). The previous and current studies found identical scores on multiculturalism. Adapted from the source document.