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This paper examines the role played by agglomeration economies as location determinants of regional foreign direct investment in manufacturing. The analysis reveals that foreign direct investment location is dependent on specific industry traits, and that agglomeration economies appear as the strongest pull factors. The model, estimated with panel data, finds evidence, first, that industries with a high level of linkages are attracted to regions with high manufacturing activity; and, second, that locations which accumulate R+D activities attract chemical industries. Finally, cost-oriented industries do not value agglomeration economies and their localization emerges due to endowment reasons.

SummaryIntermediary determinants are the most immediate mechanisms through which socioeconomic position shapes health inequities. This study examines the effect of community socioeconomic context on different indicators representing intermediary determinants of child health. In the context of Colombia, a developing country with a clear economic expansion, but one of the most unequal countries in the world, two categories of intermediary determinants, namely behavioural and psychosocial factors and the health system, are analysed. Using data from the 2010 Colombian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), the results suggest that whilst the community context can exert a greater influence on factors linked directly to health, in the case of psychosocial factors and parent's behaviours, the family context can be more important. In addition, the results from multilevel analysis indicate that a significant percentage of the variability in the overall index of intermediary determinants of child health is explained by the community context, even after controlling for individual, family and community characteristics. These findings underline the importance of distinguishing between community and family intervention programmes in order to reduce place-based health inequities in Colombia.