Suchergebnisse

Cet ouvrage met en perspective de grands thèmes économiques en débat actuellement à travers le monde. Les connaissances fondamentales sont mentionnées afin de préparer avec succès concours et examens sur ces sujets. L'ouvrage s'appuie sur un grand nombre de données, hiérarchisées et sélectionnées. Mais il s'agit aussi d'offrir, lorsque cela est possible, une réflexion prospective sur l'intensité de la croissance future, les évolutions de la mondialisation, les conséquences de la hausse de population mondiale sur l'environnement, la dynamique de la hiérarchie entre grandes puissances économiques (États-Unis, Chine, Inde, Japon, Europe), la survenance probable de crises financières, les déséquilibres internationaux, les marges de manoeuvre de politiques économiques pour les États, les possibles évolutions des frontières de la firme et du salariat. Les treize thèmes retenus sont autant d'essais prospectifs construits sur la base de tendances historiques lourdes (comme le développement du secteur des services), d'hypothèses et de rapprochements avec des situations économiques passées. L'ouvrage se veut un outil efficace et ludique. Des rubriques « Pour mémoire » et « Pour la petite histoire » proposent des définitions et des anecdotes marquantes sur les thèmes abordés. Une rubrique « Reçu 5 sur 5 » propose des QCM pour tester l'assimilation des connaissances essentielles.

Abstract The purpose of this contibution is to analyse the economic consequences of Poincaré's stabilization especially on foreign trade. We attempt to show that the French Franc revaluation did no affect the evolution of exports. This revaluation was not the cause of the severe recession at the begining of 1927. It did not cause the decline of French exports at the end of 1928 and the poor performance in traditional sectors. In fact, the paper tries to assess that the most important determinant of exports, during this period, was the foreign demand and not the effective real exchange rate.

We examine the linear and nonlinear long-run relationship between public expenditure and institutional quality, and income inequality in Asia and the Pacific. By applying panel cointegration methods using a dataset from 1988 to 2014, our main findings suggest that public expenditure and institutional quality have negative long-run, steady-state effects on income inequality in Asia and the Pacific. The effect of institutional quality has only a one-way Granger causality link to income inequality. The existence of a nonlinear relationship between public expenditure and institutional factors linked to income inequality is also found. It implies that, at the early stage of institutional development, a country whose economy has experienced higher public expenditure generates rising income inequality; then, in the long run, when the country improves its institutional quality, higher public expenditure results in lower income inequality.

The paper introduces government debt and monetary strategy (Inflation Targeting - IT) into the empirical literature about the relationship between Central Bank Independence (CBI) and inflation. According to Martin's (2014) model, CBI is not sufficient to maintain price stability in the long run and requires the adoption of IT as a monetary strategy. Using annual data from the period 1998 to 2010 we consider 87 countries (18 considered as developed and 69 as emerging). By using a panel VAR model we explicitly test a possible reciprocal influence between inflation and government debt. At a global level results show an indirect negative effect of Inflation Targeting and CBI on inflation through the government debt channel. A high level of CBI or the choice of IT as a monetary strategy has a significant negative effect on government debt and on inflation.