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Abstract Throughout history, on several occasions, technological advances have driven fundamental changes in the defence sector. The increasing availability and technological dependence led to the redefinition of pre-established functions, the modification of the main missions, and even the rearticulation of traditional values of the military institution. From this perspective, the article aims to answer the following question: in what way did the Project for the Integration of Female Personnel in the Line of Military Warfare Education (PISFLEMB) promote innovation in the Brazilian Armed Forces? It is argued that the participation of women in a traditionally male institution is responsible for generating organizational innovation, both in values and conduct. Data will be collected through official documents and primary sources as modelled for analysis of military innovations. The study is distinguished by the understanding that innovations in the defence sector are an opportunity for transformation and a stimulus for changing patterns of conduct.

Há certo consenso no Pensamento Estratégico Militar tradicional em classificar as guerras ocorridas no Período Moderno em quatro gerações, de acordo com as mudanças qualitativas ocorridas nas condutas táticas. No entanto, este método de análise compreende uma abordagem ex-post, focada nas características que se sobressaíram de guerras já ocorridas, o que a torna pouco adequada para a análise dos conflitos atuais e futuros. Considerando o surgimento das "novas" ameaças e desafios que, atualmente, impactam a percepção de segurança da sociedade, bem como seus reflexos, que estão ocasionando verdadeiras revoluções nos assuntos militares, faz-se imperativo buscar uma abordagem ex-ante, focada não mais em fatos arrematados, mas sim num espectro mais amplo de possibilidades. Em função disso, o presente artigo apresenta uma proposta de abordagem focada no campo de batalha, como espaço de conflito, caracterizando as dimensões que, ao longo do tempo, foram sendo incorporadas por meio do desenvolvimento das inovações tecnológicas, procurando evidenciar, também, a importância da absorção das inovações não tecnológicas, caracterizadas por soluções inovadoras no âmbito da doutrina militar, da organização das forças militares e do preparo e emprego da Expressão Militar do Poder Nacional. Além disso, o trabalho questiona se as ambiências espacial e tecnológica continuarão servindo para a classificação das guerras e apresenta, de forma sucinta, o conceito de Guerra Omnidimensional. Para isso, utiliza-se uma abordagem qualitativa de natureza exploratória, seguindo um modelo de ensaio teórico, baseado em Severino (2000), o que permite maior liberdade para a argumentação, interpretação e julgamento dos autores, com vistas a suscitar reflexões inovadoras sobre essas instigantes questões.

9 páginas, 3 tablas, 8 figuras ; Stages of merogony of a coccidian parasite were commonly observed during histological examination of the digestive tract of 7 crustacean species from Galician coastal waters. Study of the fine structure of these merogonial stages by transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of a typical apicomplexan apical complex. Newly hatched Sepia officinalis obtained from egg masses, cultured in 3 separate tanks, were fed with three parasitised prawn species in infection experiments. Cuttlefish fed with Palaemon elegans and P. adpersus developed sexual stages and sporocysts diagnostic of Aggregata eberthi, identifying these prawns as new intermediate hosts of this parasite. No infection was found in Sepia fed with P. serratus, suggesting that this prawn could be an intermediate host of another species of Aggregata. By experimental infections of cultured cuttlefish, achieved here for the first time, the complete life cycle of A. eberthi in Spanish NE Atlantic waters was established. ; This work was partially supported by the Spanish Government under Project CI-CYTMAR 95-1919-C05-03 and Universidad de Vigo under Project UVI-64102C021 ; Peer reviewed

We present in this paper the concept, importance, and scope of research into the regulatory framework of regulation and legislation, with a particular focus on legislation related to legal metrology. This study also describes a comparative analysis of the various forms of regulation and the associated regulatory research, with the ultimate goal of better defining the concept and to validate the need to have research groups within a country's regulatory bodies. Based on this work, we conclude that regulatory research is a key factor in the success of any regulatory body's activities. Such research helps to avoid the creation of absurd or impractical regulatory barriers to a country's technological development, or worse, to permit "orphans," that is, technologies that are outside regulatory control, as is currently the case. Indeed, for a country to have a robust technological infrastructure, especially if it is still a developing country, strong and competent regulatory control is essential. However, this must be balanced by an atmosphere that fosters continuous and consistent technological innovation, and such development must also be self-sustainable from economic, social, and environmental viewpoints. ; Apresenta-se neste trabalho o conceito, a importância e a abrangência da pesquisa regulatória no âmbito da regulação e da regulamentação, com foco particular na regulamentação relacionada à metrologia legal. Faz-se também uma análise comparativa entre as várias formas de regular e regulamentar, e as suas pesquisas regulatórias afins, tendo como meta principal situar melhor o conceito e validar a necessidade de se fazer pesquisa nos órgãos e agências regulatórias do país. Com base neste trabalho, concluímos que a pesquisa regulatória é um fator chave para o sucesso de qualquer plano de ação de regulação para os agentes regulatórios do país. Ela ajuda a evitar a criação barreiras regulatórias absurdas, ou não práticas, para o desenvolvimento tecnológico do país, e evitar também a circulação no território nacional de tecnologias órfãs do controle regulatório, como se vê ainda hoje. De fato, esta infra-estrutura tecnológica robusta, que ainda precisa ser urgentemente desenvolvida na sua plenitude, deve ser um processo contínuo e consistente de inovação tecnológica, e necessariamente auto-sustentável do ponto de vista econômico, social, e também ambiental.

The changes in sectors as economy, politics and technology have demanded higher capacity of adaptation in organizations. The current study describes and analyzes the process of adaptation and strategic change performed by a company in the agricultural sector of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul between 2005 and 2014, in order to maintain high growth rates even in decline years in the industry. The data collection was gathered after bibliographical research, documentary analysis and interviews with the organization's dominant coalition. The analysis of the events was qualitative, contextual and longitudinal, using procedures of direct research and the Hrebiniak and Joyce (1985) model. We interpreted the process of change and strategic adaptation from internal and external contexts that caused or demanded those changes. As a result, we identified three distinct strategic periods (I - Financial Crisis, II - Organizational Re-adaptation and III - Consolidation of Strategic Positioning), which were interpreted through the model of Hrabiniak and Joyce (1985), and the identification of current thought schools. Out of the analysis process, we realized that in period I the strategic choice of the organization could be classified as of natural selection. In period II, there was a transition between natural selection and differentiation or focus, while in period III the strategy was classified as of differentiation, due to the high degree of strategic choices and to the strong influence suffered by the environment determinism.

The Portuguese impact ecosystem has seen tremendous growth in the last decade. From a system that was mostly underpinned by charitable organizations, it has evolved to one that creates and diffuses innovation, is host to multiple organizations and pilot initiatives and has permeated the actions and policies of central and local governments. This has been achieved by focusing on three key dimensions: human capital, policy and funding. This report begins by focusing on human capital and how a small but interconnected number of private and public players achieved this transformational change in a very short period of time. In demonstrating the role of cooperation, it underlines how the ecosystem grew by players building something that was bigger than their own individual contributions. Our initial historical overview of the development of human capital will also underline what types of players were key to this growth.

The dichotomous debate between objectivity and subjectivity in Social Sciences and the differences between qualitative and quantitative approaches in research are related to the strong demand for validation and accreditation of studies. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to discuss quality in qualitative research, through a systematic analysis of the typologies of triangulation strategy, highlighting the following quality dimensions in research: reliability, credibility, transferability and confirmability. There is a considerable amount of research about quality in qualitative research, as well as about triangulation. However, the main differentiator of this paper is the systematic presentation of triangulation typologies, which allow for the improvement of quality in qualitative research. The authors believe that the focus on "how to" improve quality, and not quality itself, makes this paper original. Among the main findings, it can be highlighted the effort to systematize and present guidelines in order to improve credibility in qualitative research, by means of the triangulation strategy presented in a framework that will allow the reader to have a better understanding of the proposals in this work. The authors understand that the main implication of this paper is mainly in providing guidance to researchers, particularly those dealing with qualitative research, on how they could improve the quality of their research.

O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em analisar o interesse dos estudantes da graduação em Administração pela área de Finanças, bem como os principais fatores que influenciam esse interesse. Para tal, foram identificados na literatura cinco construtos que, em teoria, afetam a relação entre os estudantes e as disciplinas da área de Finanças: (i) Interesse pessoal na área de Finanças; (ii) Interesse em uma carreira na área; (iii) Relevância teórico/prática da área; (iv) Conhecimento técnico sobre finanças; (v) Relevância interdisciplinar da área; e, por fim, um construto acrescentado pelos autores, que ainda não fora considerado em estudos anteriores, nesse trabalho denominado "Qualidade docente sob a ótica discente". O instrumento de coleta dos dados foi desenvolvido com base em trabalhos anteriores e visou fornecer informações condizentes com as hipóteses realizadas. Os dados foram coletados em oito instituições de ensino superior, públicas e particulares, dos estados de Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Ceará e Espírito Santo, formando uma amostra com 290 observações válidas. Para tratamento e modelagem dos dados, empregou-se a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais (SEM) por meio da técnica dos mínimos quadrados parciais (Partial Least Squares - PLS). Cabe destacar que foram testados os índices de ajuste do modelo Average Variance Extracted (AVE), Average Path Coefficient (APC), Average R-Squared (ARS) e Average Variance Inflation Factor (AVIF). Além disso, também se verificou o índice de confiabilidade psicométrica Alfa de Cronbach de cada construto, encontrando-se valores razoáveis e o índice de Confiabilidade Composta do construto. O modelo apresentou uma medida de explicação R² de 0,74. Todos os construtos apresentaram valores significativos para o coeficiente padronizado (p < 0,01). Destaca-se que os resultados obtidos não permitiram rejeitar nenhuma das hipóteses. Em busca de uma compreensão mais profunda e abrangente sobre o tema, recomenda-se que pesquisas futuras tenham como foco a avaliação do processo de ensino de competências na área de Finanças e de formas alternativas de abordagem que despertem o interesse dos alunos, possibilitando uma maior convergência da formação acadêmica com a aplicação prática contextualizada para a realidade do mercado.

The Brazilian Northeast region provides favorable conditions for the exploitation of several crops, but the high salt concentration in irrigation water constitutes a limiting factor for production in most cases. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the emergence, growth and partition of photoassimilates in soursop seedlings, cv. 'Morada Nova', subjected to irrigation with water of increasing salinity levels and to exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide. The study was carried out in plastic bags under greenhouse conditions, using a sandy loam Regolithic Neosol, in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, in a 5 x 5 factorial arrangement, relative to five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.7, 1.4, 2.1, 2.8 and 3.5 dS m-1) and five concentrations of hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 µM), with four replicates and three plants per plot. Increasing salt concentration compromised all variables analyzed and leaf area was most sensitive. As irrigation water electrical conductivity increased, the deleterious effects of water salinity on the emergence percentage, emergence speed index, stem diameter and leaf area were attenuated by the exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide, with highest efficiency at the concentration of 50 µM. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations above 38 µM inhibited the specific leaf area of soursop, cv. 'Morada Nova'.

A gravioleira adapta-se bem às condições edafoclimáticas da região semiárida do nordeste brasileiro, no entanto a ocorrência de águas com concentrações elevadas de sais, destaca-se como um fator limitante para a expansão do cultivo desta frutífera. Dessa forma, buscar estratégias para viabilizar a produção de frutíferas é de grande importância. Assim, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a composição mineral nos tecidos foliares e a fisiologia de gravioleira cv. Morada Nova cultivada sob irrigação com águas salinas e aplicação foliar de peróxido de hidrogênio na fase de pré-floração. A pesquisa foi conduzida sob condições de casa de vegetação em Campina Grande - PB, utilizando-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 4 × 4, sendo quatro níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação – CEa (0,8, 1,6, 2,4 e 3,2 dS m-1) e quatro concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio – H2O2 (0, 10, 20 e 30 μM) com três repetições, totalizando 48 parcelas experimentais e uma planta por parcela. A irrigação com águas salinas afetou negativamente a biossíntese de clorofila a e b, a fluorescência inicial, variável e a eficiência quântica do fotossistema II da gravioleira, aos 370 dias após o transplantio. A concentração de peróxido de hidrogênio de 30 µM intensificou o efeito de estresse salino sobre os teores foliares de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio. Já as concentrações de 15, 12 e 9 µM, respectivamente, aumentaram os teores de N, P e K nos tecidos foliares de gravioleira cv. Morada Nova, aos 780 dias após o transplantio. O acúmulo de nutrientes nas folhas de gravioleira cv. Morada Nova na fase de pré-floração segue a seguinte ordem decrescente: P>N>K>S>Cl>Na.

Forage palm (Cactaceae) is considered an important resource in the semiarid region of Brazil. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different levels of salinity in irrigation water on the growth of three forage palm cultivars. The study was conducted at the Federal University of Campina Grande (7° 12' 52.6'' S; 35° 54' 22.3'' W) in 120 L pots open to the sky. The experiment was a complete randomized block, with four replications and a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of four levels of salinity in irrigation water with electrical conductivity of 0.2, 2.0, 3.8, and 5.6 dS m–1, and three forage palm cultivars: Miúda or Doce (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck), Orelha de Elefante (Opuntia stricta), and Baiana or IPA–Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck). At 150 days after treatments, it was evaluated: length, width and perimeter of primary and secondary cladodes and total number of cladodes. Variance analysis was performed using an F-test (p < 0.05); significant effects were subjected to quadratic regression analysis for the quantitative variable, and the Tukey test (p < 0.05) for the qualitative variable. Salinity levels in irrigation water did not affect the growth variables. There was a significant difference in the growth of forage palm as a function of its cultivar. The Baiana cultivar showed the highest vegetative growth of length and perimeter of primary and secondary cladodes, while Miúda and Orelha de Elefante presented the greatest cladode numbers for plant and cladode widths, respectively.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and photochemical efficiency of sour passion fruit cv. BRS Rubi do Cerrado irrigated with waters of different cationic natures. The experiment was carried out from March 2019 to January 2020 in a protected environment belonging to the Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. The treatments consisted of eight combinations of irrigation water with different cationic natures: S1 - Control; S2 - Na+; S3 - Ca2+; S4 - Mg2+; S5 - Na+ + Ca2+; S6 - Na+ + Mg2+; S7 - Ca2+ + Mg2+, and S8 - Na+ + Ca2+ + Mg2+. Plants in the control treatment (S1) were irrigated using water with an electrical conductivity (ECw) of 0.4 dS m-1, while the other treatments (S2; S3; S4; S5; S6; S7; and S8) were subjected to an ECw of 3.5 dS m-1. Sour passion fruit growth was affected by variations in the level of electrical conductivity, regardless of the cationic nature of irrigation water. The use of salinized water with sodium favored the synthesis of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids of passion fruit plants at 180 days after transplanting. The distinct cationic natures of irrigation water did not influence the fluorescence variables of sour passion fruit.