Suchergebnisse

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Chirurgen erleben in ihrem Arbeitsalltag eine hohe psychische Belastung. Die Herzfrequenzvariabilität (HRV) ist als vegetativer Beanspruchungsparameter zur Erfassung von psychischen Belastungen etabliert. Eine geringe HRV ist ein Indikator für hohen Stress.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel der Querschnittsstudie war es, die Aktivierung des autonomen Nervensystems als stressinduzierte Antwortreaktion und das Stressniveau bei chirurgisch tätigen Ärzten verschiedener Qualifikationsstufen während ihrer Tätigkeit anhand der HRV zu untersuchen.

Material und Methoden
Es wurde die HRV aus 31 EKG-Aufnahmen von 5 freiwilligen, klinisch gesunden männlichen Herzchirurgen während 25 aortokoronarer Bypassoperationen (ACB-OP) und der Stationsarbeit analysiert. Als Einschlusskriterium galt die Tätigkeit als Assistenzarzt bzw. Oberarzt, die berechtigt sind, herzchirurgische Eingriffe durchzuführen. Relevante Medikamente und Vorerkrankungen, die den Herzrhythmus beeinflussen und die Häufigkeit von Extrasystolen im EKG (> 1 % ) waren Ausschlusskriterien. Die Tätigkeit während der Operation und Nicht-Operationsphase wurde schriftlich dokumentiert. Bei der statistischen Auswertung kamen der Mann-Whitney-U-Test und das Allgemeine Lineare Modell mit der Anpassung nach Bonferroni unter Berücksichtigung der ärztlichen Funktion und der Art der Tätigkeit während der Operation als Kovariaten zur Anwendung.

Ergebnisse
Eine reduzierte HRV während der ACVB-OP fand sich bei den zeitbezogenen Parametern RMSSD (Root Mean Square of Successive Differences) und pNN50 (Prozentsatz der NN-Intervalle mit mindestens 50 ms Abweichung vom vorausgehenden NN-Intervall), dem frequenzbezogenen Parameter LF (Low Frequency) power sowie dem nichtlinearen Kurzzeitvariabilitätsparameter SD1 (Standard Deviation oder die Breite der Punktwolke) für Assistenzärzte im Vergleich zu den Oberärzten. 50,8 % der Arbeitszeit war im OP für die Assistenzärzte als hohe Stresssituation gekennzeichnet (Oberärzte: 11,7 %; p = 0,015). Die Beanspruchungsreaktion bei der Stationsarbeit zeigte sich als deutlich geringer ausgeprägt, wobei diese in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar war.

Diskussion
Es zeigt sich eine höhere stressinduzierte Antwortreaktion während der ACB-OP bei Assistenzärzten im Vergleich zu Oberärzten. Es sollten frühzeitig präventive und gesundheitsfördernde Maßnahmen bei hoher arbeitsbezogener Stressbelastung bei chirurgisch tätigen Ärzten insbesondere in der Facharzt-Weiterbildungsphase eingeleitet werden.

International audience ; The TREC Video Retrieval Evaluation (TRECVID) 2014 was a TREC-style video analysis and retrieval evaluation, the goal of which remains to promote progress in content-based exploitation of digital video via open, metrics-based evaluation. Over the last dozen years this effort has yielded a better under- standing of how systems can effectively accomplish such processing and how one can reliably benchmark their performance. TRECVID is funded by the NIST with support from other US government agencies. Many organizations and individuals worldwide contribute significant time and effort.

International audience ; The TREC Video Retrieval Evaluation (TRECVID) 2014 was a TREC-style video analysis and retrieval evaluation, the goal of which remains to promote progress in content-based exploitation of digital video via open, metrics-based evaluation. Over the last dozen years this effort has yielded a better under- standing of how systems can effectively accomplish such processing and how one can reliably benchmark their performance. TRECVID is funded by the NIST with support from other US government agencies. Many organizations and individuals worldwide contribute significant time and effort.

International audience ; The TREC Video Retrieval Evaluation (TRECVID) 2014 was a TREC-style video analysis and retrieval evaluation, the goal of which remains to promote progress in content-based exploitation of digital video via open, metrics-based evaluation. Over the last dozen years this effort has yielded a better under- standing of how systems can effectively accomplish such processing and how one can reliably benchmark their performance. TRECVID is funded by the NIST with support from other US government agencies. Many organizations and individuals worldwide contribute significant time and effort.

The Text Retrieval Conference's (TREC's) Video Retrieval Evaluation (TRECVID) 2010 was a TREC-style video analysis and retrieval evaluation, the goal of which remains to promote progress in content-based exploitation of digital video via open, metrics-based evaluation. Over the last 10 years this effort has yielded a better understanding of how systems can effectively accomplish such processing and how one can reliably benchmark their performance. TRECVID is funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and other US government agencies. Many organizations and individuals worldwide also contribute significant time and effort. In 2010, TRECVID turned to new and different data and to some new tasks. 73 teams from various research organizations completed one or more of six tasks. In this overview paper we present a summary of the achievements of TRECVid 2010

On September 18, 2007, a collaborative session between the International Society for CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology and the International Society for CNS Drug Development was held in Brussels, Belgium. Both groups, with membership from industry, academia, and governmental and nongovernmental agencies, have been formed to address scientific, clinical, regulatory, and methodological challenges in the development of central nervous system therapeutic agents. The focus of this joint session was the apparent diminution of drug-placebo differences in recent multicenter trials of antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia. To characterize the nature of the problem, some presenters reported data from several recent trials that indicated higher rates of placebo response and lower rates of drug response (even to previously established, comparator drugs), when compared with earlier trials. As a means to identify the possible causes of the problem, discussions covered a range of methodological factors such as participant characteristics, trial designs, site characteristics, clinical setting (inpatient vs outpatient), inclusion/exclusion criteria, and diagnostic specificity. Finally, possible solutions were discussed, such as improving precision of participant selection criteria, improving assessment instruments and/or assessment methodology to increase reliability of outcome measures, innovative methods to encourage greater subject adherence and investigator involvement, improved rater training and accountability metrics at clinical sites to increase quality assurance, and advanced methods of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling to optimize dosing prior to initiating large phase 3 trials. The session closed with a roundtable discussion and recommendations for data sharing to further explore potential causes and viable solutions to be applied in future trials.

On September 18, 2007, a collaborative session between the International Society for CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology and the International Society for CNS Drug Development was held in Brussels, Belgium. Both groups, with membership from industry, academia, and governmental and nongovernmental agencies, have been formed to address scientific, clinical, regulatory, and methodological challenges in the development of central nervous system therapeutic agents. The focus of this joint session was the apparent diminution of drug-placebo differences in recent multicenter trials of antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia. To characterize the nature of the problem, some presenters reported data from several recent trials that indicated higher rates of placebo response and lower rates of drug response (even to previously established, comparator drugs), when compared with earlier trials. As a means to identify the possible causes of the problem, discussions covered a range of methodological factors such as participant characteristics, trial designs, site characteristics, clinical setting (inpatient vs outpatient), inclusion/exclusion criteria, and diagnostic specificity. Finally, possible solutions were discussed, such as improving precision of participant selection criteria, improving assessment instruments and/or assessment methodology to increase reliability of outcome measures, innovative methods to encourage greater subject adherence and investigator involvement, improved rater training and accountability metrics at clinical sites to increase quality assurance, and advanced methods of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling to optimize dosing prior to initiating large phase 3 trials. The session closed with a roundtable discussion and recommendations for data sharing to further explore potential causes and viable solutions to be applied in future trials.