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At the turn of the millennium, the idea that the Moroccan forestry administration's modes of action were changing was much publicised. There were claims that "concerted forest management" would alter the historically conflictual relationships between foresters and farmers and in this way the ecological status of forests would be improved. However, the innovations proposed and implemented through pilot projects funded by public aid to development took place in a legislative framework that was largely inherited from the French protectorate. Looking at Moroccan forestry legislation retrospectively, this articles shows that a doctrine in forest management imported from the Nancy School of Forestry continues to be the cornerstone for current practices that are the source of social problems targeted by the very innovations mentioned above; and that these problems had already, at the time of the protectorate, caused serious conflict between the forestry administration and the indigenous affairs department, with the latter urging the forestry administration to recognise rural populations as partners in the framework of provisions that might easily be mistaken for those considered today to be innovations ; Au tournant des années 2000, l'idée que les modes d'action de l'administration forestière marocaine étaient en train de changer a été largement véhiculée. Le développement d'une « gestion forestière concertée » devait permettre de renouveler les rapports entre forestiers et paysans, historiquement conflictuels, et par là d'améliorer l'état écologique des massifs. Les innovations proposées, opérationnalisées à travers des projets pilotes financés par l'aide publique au développement, ont cependant pris place dans un cadre législatif largement hérité du protectorat français. À partir d'un retour rétrospectif sur la législation forestière marocaine, le présent article montre que l'importation au Maroc d'une doctrine de gestion forestière développée à l'école forestière de Nancy forme toujours la clé de voûte des modes d'interventions actuels, source des problèmes sociaux que visent à régler les innovations susdites ; et que ces problèmes avaient déjà, sous le protectorat, provoqué d'importants conflits entre l'administration forestière et les services des affaires indigènes, ces derniers exhortant l'administration forestière à reconnaître les populations rurales comme des partenaires, dans le cadre de dispositifs ressemblant à s'y méprendre à ceux considérés aujourd'hui comme des innovations

International audience ; At the turn of the millennium, the idea that the Moroccan forestry administration's modes of action were changing was much publicised. There were claims that "concerted forest management" would alter the historically conflictual relationships between foresters and farmers and in this way the ecological status of forests would be improved. However, the innovations proposed and implemented through pilot projects funded by public aid to development took place in a legislative framework that was largely inherited from the French protectorate. Looking at Moroccan forestry legislation retrospectively, this articles shows that a doctrine in forest management imported from the Nancy School of Forestry continues to be the cornerstone for current practices that are the source of social problems targeted by the very innovations mentioned above; and that these problems had already, at the time of the protectorate, caused serious conflict between the forestry administration and the indigenous affairs department, with the latter urging the forestry administration to recognise rural populations as partners in the framework of provisions that might easily be mistaken for those considered today to be innovations ; Au tournant des années 2000, l'idée que les modes d'action de l'administration forestière marocaine étaient en train de changer a été largement véhiculée. Le développement d'une « gestion forestière concertée » devait permettre de renouveler les rapports entre forestiers et paysans, historiquement conflictuels, et par là d'améliorer l'état écologique des massifs. Les innovations proposées, opérationnalisées à travers des projets pilotes financés par l'aide publique au développement, ont cependant pris place dans un cadre législatif largement hérité du protectorat français. À partir d'un retour rétrospectif sur la législation forestière marocaine, le présent article montre que l'importation au Maroc d'une doctrine de gestion forestière développée à l'école forestière de Nancy forme toujours la ...

International audience ; At the turn of the millennium, the idea that the Moroccan forestry administration's modes of action were changing was much publicised. There were claims that "concerted forest management" would alter the historically conflictual relationships between foresters and farmers and in this way the ecological status of forests would be improved. However, the innovations proposed and implemented through pilot projects funded by public aid to development took place in a legislative framework that was largely inherited from the French protectorate. Looking at Moroccan forestry legislation retrospectively, this articles shows that a doctrine in forest management imported from the Nancy School of Forestry continues to be the cornerstone for current practices that are the source of social problems targeted by the very innovations mentioned above; and that these problems had already, at the time of the protectorate, caused serious conflict between the forestry administration and the indigenous affairs department, with the latter urging the forestry administration to recognise rural populations as partners in the framework of provisions that might easily be mistaken for those considered today to be innovations ; Au tournant des années 2000, l'idée que les modes d'action de l'administration forestière marocaine étaient en train de changer a été largement véhiculée. Le développement d'une « gestion forestière concertée » devait permettre de renouveler les rapports entre forestiers et paysans, historiquement conflictuels, et par là d'améliorer l'état écologique des massifs. Les innovations proposées, opérationnalisées à travers des projets pilotes financés par l'aide publique au développement, ont cependant pris place dans un cadre législatif largement hérité du protectorat français. À partir d'un retour rétrospectif sur la législation forestière marocaine, le présent article montre que l'importation au Maroc d'une doctrine de gestion forestière développée à l'école forestière de Nancy forme toujours la ...

International audience ; At the turn of the millennium, the idea that the Moroccan forestry administration's modes of action were changing was much publicised. There were claims that "concerted forest management" would alter the historically conflictual relationships between foresters and farmers and in this way the ecological status of forests would be improved. However, the innovations proposed and implemented through pilot projects funded by public aid to development took place in a legislative framework that was largely inherited from the French protectorate. Looking at Moroccan forestry legislation retrospectively, this articles shows that a doctrine in forest management imported from the Nancy School of Forestry continues to be the cornerstone for current practices that are the source of social problems targeted by the very innovations mentioned above; and that these problems had already, at the time of the protectorate, caused serious conflict between the forestry administration and the indigenous affairs department, with the latter urging the forestry administration to recognise rural populations as partners in the framework of provisions that might easily be mistaken for those considered today to be innovations ; Au tournant des années 2000, l'idée que les modes d'action de l'administration forestière marocaine étaient en train de changer a été largement véhiculée. Le développement d'une « gestion forestière concertée » devait permettre de renouveler les rapports entre forestiers et paysans, historiquement conflictuels, et par là d'améliorer l'état écologique des massifs. Les innovations proposées, opérationnalisées à travers des projets pilotes financés par l'aide publique au développement, ont cependant pris place dans un cadre législatif largement hérité du protectorat français. À partir d'un retour rétrospectif sur la législation forestière marocaine, le présent article montre que l'importation au Maroc d'une doctrine de gestion forestière développée à l'école forestière de Nancy forme toujours la ...

International audience ; At the turn of the millennium, the idea that the Moroccan forestry administration's modes of action were changing was much publicised. There were claims that "concerted forest management" would alter the historically conflictual relationships between foresters and farmers and in this way the ecological status of forests would be improved. However, the innovations proposed and implemented through pilot projects funded by public aid to development took place in a legislative framework that was largely inherited from the French protectorate. Looking at Moroccan forestry legislation retrospectively, this articles shows that a doctrine in forest management imported from the Nancy School of Forestry continues to be the cornerstone for current practices that are the source of social problems targeted by the very innovations mentioned above; and that these problems had already, at the time of the protectorate, caused serious conflict between the forestry administration and the indigenous affairs department, with the latter urging the forestry administration to recognise rural populations as partners in the framework of provisions that might easily be mistaken for those considered today to be innovations ; Au tournant des années 2000, l'idée que les modes d'action de l'administration forestière marocaine étaient en train de changer a été largement véhiculée. Le développement d'une « gestion forestière concertée » devait permettre de renouveler les rapports entre forestiers et paysans, historiquement conflictuels, et par là d'améliorer l'état écologique des massifs. Les innovations proposées, opérationnalisées à travers des projets pilotes financés par l'aide publique au développement, ont cependant pris place dans un cadre législatif largement hérité du protectorat français. À partir d'un retour rétrospectif sur la législation forestière marocaine, le présent article montre que l'importation au Maroc d'une doctrine de gestion forestière développée à l'école forestière de Nancy forme toujours la ...

International audience ; At the turn of the millennium, the idea that the Moroccan forestry administration's modes of action were changing was much publicised. There were claims that "concerted forest management" would alter the historically conflictual relationships between foresters and farmers and in this way the ecological status of forests would be improved. However, the innovations proposed and implemented through pilot projects funded by public aid to development took place in a legislative framework that was largely inherited from the French protectorate. Looking at Moroccan forestry legislation retrospectively, this articles shows that a doctrine in forest management imported from the Nancy School of Forestry continues to be the cornerstone for current practices that are the source of social problems targeted by the very innovations mentioned above; and that these problems had already, at the time of the protectorate, caused serious conflict between the forestry administration and the indigenous affairs department, with the latter urging the forestry administration to recognise rural populations as partners in the framework of provisions that might easily be mistaken for those considered today to be innovations ; Au tournant des années 2000, l'idée que les modes d'action de l'administration forestière marocaine étaient en train de changer a été largement véhiculée. Le développement d'une « gestion forestière concertée » devait permettre de renouveler les rapports entre forestiers et paysans, historiquement conflictuels, et par là d'améliorer l'état écologique des massifs. Les innovations proposées, opérationnalisées à travers des projets pilotes financés par l'aide publique au développement, ont cependant pris place dans un cadre législatif largement hérité du protectorat français. À partir d'un retour rétrospectif sur la législation forestière marocaine, le présent article montre que l'importation au Maroc d'une doctrine de gestion forestière développée à l'école forestière de Nancy forme toujours la ...

Over the last two decades, the numerous failures of centralised politics which have been witnessed in the management of natural resources, as well as the mounting credi- bility of local, traditional, management doctrines, have prompted a number of countries to reorientate their modes of public intervention so as to involve these rural communi- ties in the implementation of new modes of environmental management. This is the case with Moroccan forestry management. Despite the recent succession of buzzwords, very little research has carried out a symmetrical analysis of the customary, community modes of management, and the practices of the forestry administration, and the relationship between them. In a depar- ture from the neo-institutionalist perspective, this thesis draws upon the strategic analy- sis of environmental management and the actor-network theory in order to construct an original research approach. This approach, on one hand, fixes as an external reference of the analysis the ecological quality of the ecosystems affected by the management; and on the other hand, it tries to identify the various mediators linking the different sites in which forestry resources management is negociated and carried out. On the basis of considerable empirical research, this thesis will first demonstrate how the Moroccan Forestry Administration has selectively reinterpreted the injunctions to participation and to community management, brought to an international level, in an attempt to reinvent its relationship with rural populations. The administration is cur- rently attempting to organise them into associations in order to negotiate restricted ac- cess to natural resources in exchange for development operations. These associations are supposedly founded upon ancient tribal societies, with the aim of modernising these traditional institutions while at the same time using their legitimacy in matters of natural resource management. However, the thesis demonstrates how as- sociations, and tribal structures are two very ...

Over the last two decades, the numerous failures of centralised politics which have been witnessed in the management of natural resources, as well as the mounting credi- bility of local, traditional, management doctrines, have prompted a number of countries to reorientate their modes of public intervention so as to involve these rural communi- ties in the implementation of new modes of environmental management. This is the case with Moroccan forestry management. Despite the recent succession of buzzwords, very little research has carried out a symmetrical analysis of the customary, community modes of management, and the practices of the forestry administration, and the relationship between them. In a depar- ture from the neo-institutionalist perspective, this thesis draws upon the strategic analy- sis of environmental management and the actor-network theory in order to construct an original research approach. This approach, on one hand, fixes as an external reference of the analysis the ecological quality of the ecosystems affected by the management; and on the other hand, it tries to identify the various mediators linking the different sites in which forestry resources management is negociated and carried out. On the basis of considerable empirical research, this thesis will first demonstrate how the Moroccan Forestry Administration has selectively reinterpreted the injunctions to participation and to community management, brought to an international level, in an attempt to reinvent its relationship with rural populations. The administration is cur- rently attempting to organise them into associations in order to negotiate restricted ac- cess to natural resources in exchange for development operations. These associations are supposedly founded upon ancient tribal societies, with the aim of modernising these traditional institutions while at the same time using their legitimacy in matters of natural resource management. However, the thesis demonstrates how as- sociations, and tribal structures are two very ...

Over the last two decades, the numerous failures of centralised politics which have been witnessed in the management of natural resources, as well as the mounting credi- bility of local, traditional, management doctrines, have prompted a number of countries to reorientate their modes of public intervention so as to involve these rural communi- ties in the implementation of new modes of environmental management. This is the case with Moroccan forestry management. Despite the recent succession of buzzwords, very little research has carried out a symmetrical analysis of the customary, community modes of management, and the practices of the forestry administration, and the relationship between them. In a depar- ture from the neo-institutionalist perspective, this thesis draws upon the strategic analy- sis of environmental management and the actor-network theory in order to construct an original research approach. This approach, on one hand, fixes as an external reference of the analysis the ecological quality of the ecosystems affected by the management; and on the other hand, it tries to identify the various mediators linking the different sites in which forestry resources management is negociated and carried out. On the basis of considerable empirical research, this thesis will first demonstrate how the Moroccan Forestry Administration has selectively reinterpreted the injunctions to participation and to community management, brought to an international level, in an attempt to reinvent its relationship with rural populations. The administration is cur- rently attempting to organise them into associations in order to negotiate restricted ac- cess to natural resources in exchange for development operations. These associations are supposedly founded upon ancient tribal societies, with the aim of modernising these traditional institutions while at the same time using their legitimacy in matters of natural resource management. However, the thesis demonstrates how as- sociations, and tribal structures are two very ...

Over the last two decades, the numerous failures of centralised politics which have been witnessed in the management of natural resources, as well as the mounting credi- bility of local, traditional, management doctrines, have prompted a number of countries to reorientate their modes of public intervention so as to involve these rural communi- ties in the implementation of new modes of environmental management. This is the case with Moroccan forestry management. Despite the recent succession of buzzwords, very little research has carried out a symmetrical analysis of the customary, community modes of management, and the practices of the forestry administration, and the relationship between them. In a depar- ture from the neo-institutionalist perspective, this thesis draws upon the strategic analy- sis of environmental management and the actor-network theory in order to construct an original research approach. This approach, on one hand, fixes as an external reference of the analysis the ecological quality of the ecosystems affected by the management; and on the other hand, it tries to identify the various mediators linking the different sites in which forestry resources management is negociated and carried out. On the basis of considerable empirical research, this thesis will first demonstrate how the Moroccan Forestry Administration has selectively reinterpreted the injunctions to participation and to community management, brought to an international level, in an attempt to reinvent its relationship with rural populations. The administration is cur- rently attempting to organise them into associations in order to negotiate restricted ac- cess to natural resources in exchange for development operations. These associations are supposedly founded upon ancient tribal societies, with the aim of modernising these traditional institutions while at the same time using their legitimacy in matters of natural resource management. However, the thesis demonstrates how as- sociations, and tribal structures are two very ...

Over the last two decades, the numerous failures of centralised politics which have been witnessed in the management of natural resources, as well as the mounting credi- bility of local, traditional, management doctrines, have prompted a number of countries to reorientate their modes of public intervention so as to involve these rural communi- ties in the implementation of new modes of environmental management. This is the case with Moroccan forestry management. Despite the recent succession of buzzwords, very little research has carried out a symmetrical analysis of the customary, community modes of management, and the practices of the forestry administration, and the relationship between them. In a depar- ture from the neo-institutionalist perspective, this thesis draws upon the strategic analy- sis of environmental management and the actor-network theory in order to construct an original research approach. This approach, on one hand, fixes as an external reference of the analysis the ecological quality of the ecosystems affected by the management; and on the other hand, it tries to identify the various mediators linking the different sites in which forestry resources management is negociated and carried out. On the basis of considerable empirical research, this thesis will first demonstrate how the Moroccan Forestry Administration has selectively reinterpreted the injunctions to participation and to community management, brought to an international level, in an attempt to reinvent its relationship with rural populations. The administration is cur- rently attempting to organise them into associations in order to negotiate restricted ac- cess to natural resources in exchange for development operations. These associations are supposedly founded upon ancient tribal societies, with the aim of modernising these traditional institutions while at the same time using their legitimacy in matters of natural resource management. However, the thesis demonstrates how as- sociations, and tribal structures are two very ...

This article questions the prevailing discourse whereby poverty in rural areas is purported to be the main obstacle to forest management in Morocco, leaving aside social and political aspects. For that purpose, it analyses the feedback loops between political goals and the technical dimension of management of these forests. Based on a retrospective analysis, the authors support the idea that the political and technical dimensions of forest management, which were initially designed on a concerted basis, have gradually lost touch. Hence, while by applying the technical model that posits that any human presence in forests presents problems, a number of specific economic and political goals were met, in parallel this had major impact on the relationship between the central authority and rural populations who have practically never been consulted. As a result, to all intents and purposes, the deployment a very particular technical approach appears as an end in itself, and neither the economic and political expectations – in respect of forests – that were the foundation for adopting it, nor the way in which those expectations have evolved seem to be called into question today. To end, the authors plead in favour of opening up the debate to all the players in any way concerned by forested territories so as to achieve two things. On the one hand, explore other technical pathways for forests that endeavour to reconcile more forest uses. And on the other, better identify the players who, together with the forestry administration, are concerned with maintaining the ecological qualities of forests and might offer support in attempting to structure more strongly committed social involvement around these issues ; Cet article interroge la prédominance des discours qui, faisant de la pauvreté rurale le principal obstacle à la gestion des forêts au Maroc, en occultent les aspects sociopolitiques. Il analyse pour cela les boucles de rétroaction entre objectifs politiques et dimension technique de la gestion de ces forêts. À partir d'une analyse rétrospective, les auteurs défendent l'idée que les dimensions politiques et techniques de la gestion des forêts, au départ pensées de concert, se sont progressivement autonomisées au cours du temps. Ainsi, si l'application d'un modèle technique considérant toute présence humaine en forêt comme problématique a répondu à des objectifs économiques et politiques bien précis, cela a eu parallèlement des conséquences importantes sur la relation entre le pouvoir central et les populations rurales qui n'ont pratiquement jamais été questionnées. Tout semble ainsi se passer comme si le déploiement d'une approche technique très particulière constituait une fin en soi, et ni les attentes économiques et politiques – vis-à-vis de la forêt – qui avaient présidé à son adoption, ni la manière dont ces attentes ont pu évoluer, ne semblent requestionnées aujourd'hui. Les auteurs plaident finalement pour l'ouverture d'un débat élargi à l'ensemble des acteurs concernés de près ou de loin par les territoires forestiers, qui permettrait deux choses. D'une part, envisager d'autres itinéraires techniques pour la forêt, visant à concilier davantage d'usage en forêts. D'autre part, mieux identifier les acteurs qui, avec l'administration forestière, portent une préoccupation pour le maintien des qualités écologiques des territoires forestiers et pourraient lui apporter un appui pour structurer une mobilisation sociale plus forte autour de ces questions

International audience ; This article questions the prevailing discourse whereby poverty in rural areas is purported to be the main obstacle to forest management in Morocco, leaving aside social and political aspects. For that purpose, it analyses the feedback loops between political goals and the technical dimension of management of these forests. Based on a retrospective analysis, the authors support the idea that the political and technical dimensions of forest management, which were initially designed on a concerted basis, have gradually lost touch. Hence, while by applying the technical model that posits that any human presence in forests presents problems, a number of specific economic and political goals were met, in parallel this had major impact on the relationship between the central authority and rural populations who have practically never been consulted. As a result, to all intents and purposes, the deployment a very particular technical approach appears as an end in itself, and neither the economic and political expectations – in respect of forests – that were the foundation for adopting it, nor the way in which those expectations have evolved seem to be called into question today. To end, the authors plead in favour of opening up the debate to all the players in any way concerned by forested territories so as to achieve two things. On the one hand, explore other technical pathways for forests that endeavour to reconcile more forest uses. And on the other, better identify the players who, together with the forestry administration, are concerned with maintaining the ecological qualities of forests and might offer support in attempting to structure more strongly committed social involvement around these issues ; Cet article interroge la prédominance des discours qui, faisant de la pauvreté rurale le principal obstacle à la gestion des forêts au Maroc, en occultent les aspects sociopolitiques. Il analyse pour cela les boucles de rétroaction entre objectifs politiques et dimension technique de la ...

International audience ; This article questions the prevailing discourse whereby poverty in rural areas is purported to be the main obstacle to forest management in Morocco, leaving aside social and political aspects. For that purpose, it analyses the feedback loops between political goals and the technical dimension of management of these forests. Based on a retrospective analysis, the authors support the idea that the political and technical dimensions of forest management, which were initially designed on a concerted basis, have gradually lost touch. Hence, while by applying the technical model that posits that any human presence in forests presents problems, a number of specific economic and political goals were met, in parallel this had major impact on the relationship between the central authority and rural populations who have practically never been consulted. As a result, to all intents and purposes, the deployment a very particular technical approach appears as an end in itself, and neither the economic and political expectations – in respect of forests – that were the foundation for adopting it, nor the way in which those expectations have evolved seem to be called into question today. To end, the authors plead in favour of opening up the debate to all the players in any way concerned by forested territories so as to achieve two things. On the one hand, explore other technical pathways for forests that endeavour to reconcile more forest uses. And on the other, better identify the players who, together with the forestry administration, are concerned with maintaining the ecological qualities of forests and might offer support in attempting to structure more strongly committed social involvement around these issues ; Cet article interroge la prédominance des discours qui, faisant de la pauvreté rurale le principal obstacle à la gestion des forêts au Maroc, en occultent les aspects sociopolitiques. Il analyse pour cela les boucles de rétroaction entre objectifs politiques et dimension technique de la ...