Suchergebnisse

The objective of this study was to evaluate the associative effect of monensin sodium to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on performance, consumption of nutrients and dry matter, apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics of feedlot finished steers. The experiment lasted 106 days with 10 days of adaptation and 96-day trial, and had 32 crosses angus steers, average age 12 months and average weight of 376 kg, divided into 16 stalls, the weighing took place every 21 days and at the end of the experiment. The treatments consisted of the combination of the following additives to the diet included: Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 (MO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 (MO+EO); Monensin sodium, a dose of 200 mg day-1 + virginiamycin, 200 mg day-1 (MO+VI); Monensin sodium, 200 mg day-1 + essential oil dose of 1.5g day-1 + virginiamycin day, 200 mg day-1 (MO+EO+VI), each treatment had four repetitions, where each repetitions consisted of a bay with two animals. The MO+VI association in relation to MO only increase in average daily gain (ADG) of 24.44%, 22.35%, 21.10% and 17.31% in weighing 42, 63, 84 and 96 days, similar the combination of MO+EO+VI which provided an improvement of 21.94%, 13.59%, 15.45% and 14.75% respectively in the same weightings. The daily carcass gain and carcass overall gain were higher in associations MO+VI and MO+EO+VI and provided an average gain of 16.67 kg more compared to MO and MO+EO. In the parameters feed efficiency, dry matter intake and nutrient expressed in kg day-1 and percentage of live weight were not observed differences (P > 0.05) between treatments. Data on apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics did not show statistical difference between treatment, except for fat thickness which was higher when associated with any of the additives to the MO, and farm weight was higher in associations containing VI. Associating MO+VI or MO+EO+VI proved to be best in this work compared to MO+EO or only MO in the diets of steers in termination.

Monensin is an ionophore antibiotic, the inclusion of which in the feed of beef cattle favors the best use of feed nutrients, via ruminal modulation. However, there are concerns regarding the residence of residues in the carcass from metabolism of monensin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance, carcass characteristics, serum parameters, tissue residual depletion and economic benefit of finishing of young bulls in confinement with monensin in the ration. Thirty-six animals were confined, and given 50% corn silage feed and 50% more concentrated feed. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments (with or without monensin) and 10 replicates for the control group and eight for the monensin group. The use of monensin reduced the dry matter intake in relation to live weight (2.36% vs 2.55%), and improved feed conversion (8.61 vs 10.06 kg kg?1); the animals presented higher live weight (511 vs 494 kg), higher warm carcass weight (285 vs 272 kg) and an increase in fat thickness (4.97 vs 4.25 mm) compared to control animals. These increases in performance gave higher economic results, with a profit margin of R$ 122.84 per animal. A waiting period of 16 h before slaughter resulted in monensin concentrations below 0.25 µg kg?1 in edible organs and tissues, values well below those permitted by legislation. The use of monensin for young bulls in confinement promoted improvements in productive and economic performance, without leaving residues in edible tissues.

A monensina é um antibiótico ionóforo, cuja inclusão na alimentação de bovinos de corte favorece o melhor aproveitamento dos nutrientes da ração, via modulação ruminal. Porém há preocupações no que tange a permanência de resíduos na carcaça, provenientes da metabolização da monensina. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo, as características de carcaça, os parâmetros séricos, a depleção residual tecidual e a economicidade da terminação de tourinhos em confinamento com monensina na ração. Foram confinados 36 animais com ração 50% de silagem de milho mais 50% concentrado. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 2 tratamentos (com ou sem monensina) e 10 repetições para o grupo controle e 8 para o grupo com monensina. O uso de monensina reduziu o consumo de matéria seca em relação ao peso vivo (2,36 vs 2,55%), melhorou a conversão alimentar (8,61 vs 10,06 kg kg-1), os animais apresentaram maior peso vivo (511 vs 494 kg), maior peso de carcaça quente (285 vs 272 kg) e aumento na espessura de gordura (4,97 vs 4,25 mm) comparativamente aos animais da ração controle. Tais acréscimos em desempenho conferiram maiores resultados econômicos, com margem de lucro de R$ 122,84 por animal. O período de carência de 16 horas antes do abate apresentou concentrações de monensina inferiores a 0,25 µg kg-1 nos órgãos e tecidos comestíveis, valores muito abaixo dos permitidos na legislação. O uso de monensina para tourinhos em confinamento promoveu melhorias no desempenho produtivo e econômico, sem deixar resíduos nos tecidos comestíveis. ; Monensin is an ionophore antibiotic, the inclusion of which in the feed of beef cattle favors the best use of feed nutrients, via ruminal modulation. However, there are concerns regarding the residence of residues in the carcass from metabolism of monensin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance, carcass characteristics, serum parameters, tissue residual depletion and economic benefit of finishing of young bulls in confinement with monensin in the ration. Thirty-six animals were confined, and given 50% corn silage feed and 50% more concentrated feed. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments (with or without monensin) and 10 replicates for the control group and eight for the monensin group. The use of monensin reduced the dry matter intake in relation to live weight (2.36% vs 2.55%), and improved feed conversion (8.61 vs 10.06 kg kg?1); the animals presented higher live weight (511 vs 494 kg), higher warm carcass weight (285 vs 272 kg) and an increase in fat thickness (4.97 vs 4.25 mm) compared to control animals. These increases in performance gave higher economic results, with a profit margin of R$ 122.84 per animal. A waiting period of 16 h before slaughter resulted in monensin concentrations below 0.25 µg kg?1 in edible organs and tissues, values well below those permitted by legislation. The use of monensin for young bulls in confinement promoted improvements in productive and economic performance, without leaving residues in edible tissues.

The present study aimed to monitor Holstein cows in the postpartum period, and to evaluate the occurrence of clinical diseases and their relationship with metabolic profile, milk yield and composition, and reproductive performance. One hundred and five Holstein cows, 32 primiparous and 73 multiparous, from two dairy herds in Arapoti, Paraná State, were clinically monitored up to ten days after calving. The clinical occurrences diagnosed were: dystocia, metritis, retained placenta, clinical hypocalcemia, displaced abomasum, mastitis, pneumonia, and digital dermatitis. Blood samples were collected at one, two, five, and ten days postpartum for analysis of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), and total calcium. Individual milk yield was measured up to 100 days in milk (DIM), and the first test-day was evaluated for milk composition. Statistical analyses were conducted using the MIXED procedure of SAS, and the fixed effects of farm (A and B), parity (primiparous and multiparous), and occurrence of clinical diseases (sick and healthy cows) were included. Forty-eight cows (45.7%) had one or more clinical occurrences. In these sick cows, the BHB concentration at five DIM was higher (P = 0.06) than in healthy cows; 0.78 and 0.57 mmol L-1, respectively. Regarding milk yield, cows with one or more clinical occurrences had lower (P < 0.01) daily milk yield up to 30 DIM, and had a tendency of lower (P = 0.09) accumulated production up to 100 DIM than healthy cows. Sick cows had a tendency to show lower (P = 0.08) milk total solids content than healthy cows; 12.04 and 12.60%, respectively. There were no significant differences between sick and healthy animals in the remaining milk components, or the reproductive parameters assessed. The differences observed for days in the first artificial insemination (AI), AI number, and days open occurred due to the effect of the herd.

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the in situ dry matter degradability and in situ crude protein degradability of soybean meal subjected to different treatments (thermal, chemical, tannins or saponins). The treatments were: conventional soybean (CON); soybean expeller (EXP); lignosulfonate-treated soybean meal (LIGS); condensed tannin-treated soybean meal (CTAN); hydrolysable tannin-treated soybean meal (HTAN) and Yucca schidigera extract-treated soybean meal (YUC). Samples of 5 g soybean meal were packed in nylon bags and incubated in the rumen of 2 fistulated cattle for seven incubation times (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 hours), in sequence were washed, dried and weighed. The ruminal kinetics parameters were calculated, and the experiment was completely randomized, with six treatments, four replicates each, with duplicates. The EXP and LIGS treatments showed lower crude protein disappearance (CPD) within 12 hours, the CON, HTAN and YUC treatments had the highest CPD, and the CTAN presented an intermediate value (41.84%) (P < 0.05). EXP had the lowest fraction "a" (soluble) of crude protein (CP) (10.1%) followed by LIGS and CTAN (average of 14.82%). EXP and LIGS had the highest rumen undegradable fraction of CP (57.35 and 51.62%), respectively. In addition, ruminal disappearance rates of dry matter and CP of the treatments ranged from 2.17 to 1.36% h-1 and from 2.63 to 1.2% h-1, respectively. The most efficient treatments to reduce ruminal protein degradation were EXP, LIGS and CTAN.