Community Empowerment in Politics Bureaucracy of Tourism. Community empowermentin tourism activities is the expansion of freedom of choice and action on sustainable developmentof economic sectors. This freedom is very limited for the common people and also the poorsbecause of their inability to convey their aspiration. This oopportunity of powerlessness becomeseven greater if their chance to governmental access, tourism market, and traditions of societyhave been undermined by the big investors' interest. On this consideration, a small communityneeds empowerment, both in the individual and collective level of the tourism sector. Doingempowerment of small communities is tantamount to demanding efforts of eliminating the causeof the inability and improve the quality of life through revolving capital assistance, developmenttourism infrastructure aid, development of local tourism associations, strengthening partnershipsof the tourism creative industries, and the facilitation of continuous assistance.
Djuanda forest park based RIPPDA Prov. Jabar in 2005 isone tourist attraction that supports the development of mountainousnature of urban and tourist areas Bandung education. At this time,tourism activities in the forest park can be said Djuanda less variedand not utilize the full potensial optimaly. This is evident from theclose of the management of some the activities alredy underway.Closing the management of this activity is not offset by the newtourist activities, which led to the visitors who come today are lesslikely to have the option of doing tourist activities. Related to theabove, in support of the position Djuanda forest park as a touristattraction mountainous landscape that supports the development ofurban and tourist areas Bandung education is deemed necessary tocarry out the development of tourism activities.
This study aims to determine the state of socio-ecological adaptation of coastal communities to the development of seaweed cultivation, and the dynamics of technostructure of coastal communities in the development of seaweed farming in Sub Lamalaka, District Bantaeng. The usefulness of this research is as information for the government to educate coastal communities in environmental preservation seaweed farming so that those resources can be used sustainably. This research was conducted in March and April 2010 in the village of Lamalaka, District Bantaeng, Bantaeng. This location was chosen intentionally (purposive) in consideration that the area is an area of development of the cultivation of seaweed (E. Cottonii) at the same seaweed production areas in South Sulawesi. The method used is the snowball sampling method with the number of informants as many as 23 people. The results showed that the adaptation of the socio-ecology of coastal communities in Sub Lamalaka occurs through the relationship of social interaction between the members of coastal communities which are then adapted to the conditions of suitability to the development of seaweed farming sustainable and in the form of the dynamics of techno structures that are in a transitional phase between the use of irrational becomes rational technology.
This research aims to analyze the existence of fishermen conflicts in using of fisheries resources and settlement conflict resolution. The method used is qualitative research through grounded research that explores various cases and forms of conflict between fishermen (hulle fishermen communities (migrants) with local fishermen. Data analysis refers to the functional structural theory and conflict theory. The result of the research shows that the fishermen or groups of fishermen with their capture technologies (traditional, semi-traditional, and modern) must compete freely and be competitive to get fishery resources. The orientation and utilization of spatial aspects also be a type of conflict that extends to primordial conflict aspects. Conflict resolution through co-management strategies by involving various stakeholders in conflict resolution. Strategic steps must be an emphasis on conflict resolution shape that adaptive and responsive through systematic analysis for acceleration the resolution of fisherman conflict issues that developed so far. The formation of fishermen institutions conflict management is needed that involves government elements (related institution), community leaders, fishermen representative, NGO, and universities in charge of potential analyzing fishermen conflicts and handling strategy.
The system of livelihoods in seaweed cultivation becomes the subject of study because of the factor of production, and the distribution of the output of production requires a strategy of merging between something material and non-material that involves interaction with various actors in society. The social capital awakened by the actors in the seaweed cultivation business through the patron-client dimension is an effort to ensure the sustainability of the business. The study aims to characterize the components of social capital that bind, bridge, and connect in the context of the relationship between actors in seaweed cultivation, including the important role of the combination of these three types of social capital in the sustainability of the seaweed cultivation business. The Research methods use qualitative descriptive approaches. Data is collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed with open, axial, and selective encoding. The results show that actors in seaweed cultivation enterprises combine the social capital components of bonding, bridging, and linking selectively, depending on the interests behind each interaction with different actors. Social bonding capital is owned by seaweed farmers in their interactions to gain access to financial capital (in the form of cash and loans). The patron-client relationship pattern is the most prominent of the reciprocity relationships, where the patron is the provider of corporate capital and the guarantor of subsistence is the cultivator. The social bridging and linking capital is owned in its interaction to gain access to social assistance and political support as well as networking. Mechanisms of sale of seaweed production are dominated by marketing networks using intermediary services (middlemen) through the concept of personalized exchange. In such market trading, the symptoms of "boro" (guarantees) are detected through subscription relationships between sellers and buyers characterized by regular personality contacts and through credit mechanisms known as "take now, pay later". Therefore, social capital plays an important role in the sustainability of seaweed farming in the countryside. In a situation of economic or environmental change, social capital can help the farmer adapt and survive in his business and household life. We found that social capital plays an important role in the rural habitat system, where access to livelihoods depends on social relationships. Thus, support is needed to strengthen the capacity of social capital in societies because the configuration of the social capital elements can inherit the cognitive social capital, the social structural capital and the social relational capital necessary for the improved social, economic and cultural development of societies.
Basic needs of commuters from small islands, local society and tourists from several hotels have yet to be fully fulfilled within radius 500 meters from the four ports at Fort Rotterdam, Makassar. To fulfill them, they had to travel to the main shore of Makassar city using motorized vehicle which is redundant in distance, time and cost. This research is aimed at determining suitable location for the development of coastal Transit Oriented Development (TOD). Selected location could effectively prevent redundancy of distance, time and cost of the commuters, local society and tourists. Technique analysis applied Expert System, Fortran 90 application and Spatial Analysis test based on Geographic Information System. The result showed that location at Kayu Bangkoa neighborhood was selected as the most potential location for coastal TOD development.
