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The hospitality industry operates in a dynamic and competitive environment whereefficiency and productivity are crucial for sustainable success. The main goal ofthis paper is to assess the dynamic changes in the efficiency and productivity oflarge and very large Croatian hotel companies and to investigate whether theirlocation influences these factors. It also aims to determine how resilient thecompanies are to macroeconomic shocks and to identify the causes of inefficiencyand productivity changes separately for each location. The analysis is conductedfor 70 large and very large hotel companies in total and separately for those incoastal and the continental Croatia from 2017 to 2022 using the Window DataEnvelopment Analysis and the Malmquist Productivity Index. The results show aslight decrease in relative efficiency in 2020 due to the impact of the COVID-19pandemic. The main cause of inefficiency for coastal hotel companies throughoutthe period is management performance and other exogenous factors. Conversely,the main cause of inefficiency for continental hotel companies shifted from non-optimal production size to management and other exogenous factors after 2020.Productivity declined between 2019 and 2020 due to the decline in technologicalchange for companies in both locations. Prior to 2020, coastal and continentalhotel companies followed a similar trend. While coastal hotels recovered faster in2021, continental hotels recovered more steadily and achieved higher productivityin 2022. This research provides valuable insights for hotel managers andacademics seeking to navigate the ever-changing field of hotel management.

This paper assesses the relative efficiency of R&D in the European countries using a nonparametric DEA approach across a group of 34 European countries. R&D is important driver of economic growth and since the resources allocated for R&D are limited, their efficient usage becomes increasingly important. This is further emphasised nowadays where world is faced with global pandemic which lead to reallocation of large amount of businesses and activities online. Considering that countries do not have to be equally efficient in all aspects of R&D, overall model as well as two specialised models (patent oriented and article oriented) are presented. Results of this study indicate that more than one-half of observed countries are R&D inefficient. Additionally, countries are in general more efficient when it comes to article orientation, rather than when it comes to patent orientation. In stage 2 of the analysis, countries are clustered into three groups based on the efficiency results of two specialised models obtained in stage 1 in order to identify characteristics of selected European countries based on their R&D orientation. The findings from this research can serve policy makers from European countries in providing directions for required efforts to enhance R&D efficiency. ; Rad vrednuje relativnu efikasnost istraživanja i razvoja europskih zemalja koristeći analizu omeđivanja podataka na uzorku od 34 europske zemlje. Istraživanje i razvoj važan su pokretač gospodarskog rasta, a budući da su resursi koje ima na raspolaganju ograničeni, njihovo učinkovito korištenje postaje sve važnije. To se dodatno ističe u današnje vrijeme kada se svijet suočava s globalnom pandemijom koja je dovela do toga da se je veliki dio poslovanja prebacio na on-line. S obzirom na to da države ne moraju biti podjednako učinkovite u svim aspektima istraživanja i razvoja, predstavljen je cjelokupni model kao i dva specijalizirana modela (orijentirana na patente i na publikacije). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da je više od polovice promatranih zemalja neefikasno u području istraživanja i razvoja. Uz to, države su općenito efikasnije kada je riječ o usmjerenju na publikacije, a manje kada je riječ o orijentaciji na patente. U drugoj fazi analize, zemlje su grupirane u tri skupine na temelju rezultata efikasnosti dvaju specijaliziranih modela dobivenih u fazi 1. To je napravljeno kako bi se identificirale karakteristike odabranih europskih zemalja na temelju njihove orijentacije na istraživanje i razvoj. Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu poslužiti kreatorima politika europskih zemalja u pružanju usmjerenja za potrebne napore za povećanje efikasnosti u području istraživanja i razvoja.