Suchergebnisse

"With the full effects of the Great Recession still unfolding, this collection of essays analyses the gendered economic impacts of the crisis. The volume, from an international set of contributors, argues that gender-differentiated economic roles and responsibilities within households and markets can potentially influence the ways in which men and women are affected in times of economic crisis. Looking at the economy through a gender lens, the contributors investigate the antecedents and consequences of the ongoing crisis as well as the recovery policies adopted in selected countries. There are case studies devoted to Latin America, transition economies, China, India, South Africa, Turkey, and the USA. Topics examined include unemployment, the job-creation potential of fiscal expansion, the behavioural response of individuals whose households have experienced loss of income, social protection initiatives, food security and the environment, shedding of jobs in export-led sectors, and lessons learned thus far. From these timely contributions, students, scholars, and policymakers are certain to better understand the theoretical and empirical linkages between gender equality and macroeconomic policy in times of crisis"--

Unpaid work and the economy / Rania Antonopoulos and Indira Hirway -- Understanding poverty : insights emerging from time use of the poor / Indira Hirway -- Gender inequalities in allocating time to paid and unpaid work : evidence from Bolivia / Marcelo Medeiros, Rafael Guerreiro Osório and Joana Costa -- Unpaid work, poverty and unemployment : a gender perspective from South Africa / Emel Memis and Rania Antonopoulos -- Unpaid HIV/AIDS care, gender and poverty : exploring the links / Olagoke Akintola -- Public investment and unpaid work in India : selective evidence from time-use data / Lekha S. Chakraborty -- Unpaid work and unemployment : engendering public job creation / Rania Antonopoulos -- Lessons from the Buenos Aires time-use survey : a methodological assessment / Valeria Esquivel -- Issues in time-use measurement and valuation : lessons from African experience on technical and analytical issues / Jacques Charmes -- Removing the cloak of invisibility : integrating unpaid household services in national economic accounts : the Philippines experience / Solia Collas-Monsod -- Time-use surveys in developing countries : an assessment / Indira Hirway

In order to provide a coherent perspective of gender differences in the world of work, this paper argues, the many intersections of paid and unpaid work must be brought to light. It is well documented that gender-based wage differentials and occupational segregation continue to characterize the division of labor among men and women in paid work. Yet, unpaid work in social reproduction, subsistence production, family businesses, and the community is often ignored. When it is taken into account, it is usually done in a very limited manner, equating unpaid work with the traditional roles women play in raising children and performing maintenance chores. Beyond the obvious gender inequalities characterizing the latter, unpaid work constitutes an integral part of any functioning economy, and as such is linked to economic growth, government policy, migration, and many development issues. The paper concludes that the world of work" cannot be treated in complete disregard to unpaid forms of labor, and gender equality must be understood through the lens of the paidunpaid work continuum.

This paper considers public employment guarantee programs in the context of South Africa as a means to address the nexus of poverty, unemployment, and unpaid work burdensall factors exacerbated by HIV/AIDS. It further discusses the need for genderinformed public job creation in areas that mitigate the time-tax" burdens of women, and examines a South African initiative to address social sector service delivery deficits within the government's Expanded Public Works Programme. The authors highlight the need for well-designed employment guarantee programsspecifically, programs centered on community and home-based careas a potential way to help offset the destabilizing effects of HIV/AIDS and endemic poverty. The paper concludes with results from macroeconomic simulations of such a program, using a social accounting matrix framework, and sets out implications for both participants and policymakers.

Should the state treat men and women in identical ways, or should it legislate and enforce policies that are aware of gender differences? In other words, should the state be gender-blind or gender-sensitive? Gender, ethnic, religious, sexual orientation, ideological, economic, political, and cultural dimensions represent diversity among citizens. This paper argues that if the goal of the state is to promote democratic participation for all, a distinction must be drawn between socioeconomic characteristics that signify difference and those that manifest inequalities. The former require a politics of acceptance and recognition and policies to match, while the latter necessitate interventions that remedy or remove structural elements that result in inequalities. The authors suggest that such a framework is useful in that it lends itself to a better understanding of gender-based asymmetries.

This paper investigates gender differences in asset ownership. Specifically, the present case study explores whether a gender-specific composition in asset ownership between heads of households and spouses can be detected among low-income, urban households in Bangkok, Thailand. To examine this issue empirically we use a sample of 134 couples from a 2002 survey. Data collected were at the level of the individual respondent on accumulated physical and financial assets and both husband and wife were interviewed separately. The findings suggest that asset composition varies by gender, indicating that further investigation is warranted on this topic. Tobit and Probit tests are used to examine the factors that may affect this gendered pattern.

In his State of the Union address President Obama acknowledged that our most urgent task is job creation - that a move toward full employment will lay the foundation for long-term economic growth and ensure that the federal government creates the necessary conditions for businesses to expand and hire more workers. According to a new study by Levy scholars Rania Antonopoulos, Kijong Kim, Thomas Masterson, and Ajit Zacharias, the government needs to identify and invest in projects that have the potential for massive, and immediate, public job creation. They conclude that social sector investment, such as early childhood education and home-based care, would generate twice as many jobs as infrastructure spending and nearly 1.5 times the number created by investment in green energy, while catering to the most vulnerable segments of the workforce.