Suchergebnisse

AbstractPurposeCoercive control is a power dynamic central to intimate partner violence (IPV) and consists of tactics to limit one's partner's autonomy through constraint, regulation of everyday life, isolation, pursuit, and intimidation and physical force. Such tactics may potentially signal a risk for future lethal or near lethal violence; hence, proper evaluation may enhance the utility of clinical femicide risk assessments. The goal of this study is to explore coercive control behaviors preceding partner femicides in Spain with the intention to provide guidance for its assessment by first responders and law enforcement.MethodsResearchers from the Department of State for Security of the Ministry of Interior collected a nationally representative sample of 150 femicides (2006–2016). Qualitative data included 958 semi-structured interviews with victims and offenders' social networks, which provided information about relationship dynamics leading up to the murders. Additionally, 225 interviews with law enforcement and occasionally offenders were used to corroborate and contextualize victim and offender social networks.ResultsQualitative analysis indicated four indicators of coercive control (i.e., microregulation and restriction, victim isolation, surveillance and pursuit, and physical violence), which were present in 85% of the cases. While these indicators were commonly present, their manifestation varied based on relationship history and victims' responses.ConclusionThe findings suggest that incorporating coercive control indicia into clinical femicide risk assessments is useful and may enhance their accuracy.

Comprehensive chemical characterization of nine mono-varietal apple pomaces obtained from the production of ciders with PDO is described. They were rich in essential minerals, fibers (35–52.9 %), and polyphenols. High levels in GalA (11.8–21.6 %), revealed the suitability of these apple pomaces as efficient sources of pectins. Extracted pectins showed high variability in monomer composition, with degrees of methylesterification, strongly associated with pectins functional properties, ranging from 58 to 88 %. For a subset of apple pomace varieties, pectin extraction was accomplished by conventional acid heat treatment or ultrasound. Despite ultrasound-assisted extraction did not improve pectin yield, it minimized levels of "non-pectin" components as revealed by the low content of Glc/Man, leading to the obtainment of high-purity pectin. Our work highlights the key role played by the selection of the apple variety to streamline the potential food applications (gelling/thickening agents or prebiotics) of the extracted pectins that largely depend on their structural features. ; The research performed was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 818368 (MASTER), the grants from MICINN AGL2016-78311-R and AGL2017-84614-C2-1-R, and the grants from the Spanish State Research Agency RTI2018-095021-J-I00 and RTA2017-00102-C03-01 (funded by MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE).

Abstract
With the turn of the new century, the Spanish government developed a series of initiatives to eradicate gender violence and intimate partner femicides. Among these initiatives, the Secretary of State for Security (SSS) of the Ministry of Interior organized a National Project (Team) for the Detailed Review of Intimate Partner Homicides—a police-led team that partnered with 21 Spanish universities and several correctional facilities across 50 provinces—to conduct a concurrent embedded, correlational mixed-methods study of a nationally representative sample of 171 femicide cases and a control group of 210 non-lethal partner abuse cases (2006–2021). The results of this study served to improve current law enforcement femicide risk prediction tools (Valoracion Policial del Riesgo, VPR) and to develop different offender typologies aiming at guiding treatment interventions. New recommendations were also provided to enhance collaboration between law enforcement and other agencies so extant partner violence cases can be appropriately managed.