Suchergebnisse

This note considers a Bayesian estimator and an ad hoc procedure for the parameters of a first-order spatial autoregressive model. The approaches are derived, and their small sample properties compared by means of a Monte Carlo simulation experiment.

This unique book is the first attempt to fully integrate automobile ownership (by fleet size and vehicle type) and vehicle use in an intertemporal setting which recognises the durable nature of automobiles using extensive longitudinal panel data on each household (over 5 years). The book presents: the theoretical and econometric development of a joint discrete-continuous choice longitudinal model system of household and automobile ownership and use, bringing together 9 years of research;the application of the model system for the period 1981-1985 in Australia;the forecasting of the model syst

Drawing on transit experience from various countries and markets, this book examines the economic environment of transit operations, the cost and production properties of transit service supply and the policies and prospects of transit regulatory reform. The principal objectives of the book are: first to conduct theoretical and empirical analyses of the major factors which jointly determine the economic structure and conditions of the transit sector; and second to explore and suggest policies which could resolve the sector's present crisis and make it economically viable. The first objective i.

Geographical and political research on urban service delivery—who benefits and why—has proliferated during the past two decades. Overall, this literature is not characterized by a particular attention to the importance of method in drawing conclusions about spatial equity based on empirical studies. Specifically, there has been scant interest in the effect of geographic methodology on assessing the relationship between access and socioeconomic characteristics that are spatially defined. In this paper we take a spatial analytical perspective to evaluate the importance of methodology in assessing whether or not, or to what degree the distribution of urban public services is equitable. We approach this issue by means of an empirical case study of the spatial distribution of playgrounds in Tulsa, Oklahoma, relative to that of the targeted constituencies (children) and other socioeconomic indicators. In addition to the 'traditional' measure (count of facilities in an areal unit), we consider a potential measure (based on the gravity model), average travel distance, and distance to the nearest playground as indicators of accessibility. We find significant differences between the spatial patterns in these measures that are suggested by local indicators of spatial association and other techniques of exploratory spatial data analysis. The choice of access measure not only implies a particular treatment of spatial externalities but also affects conclusions about the existence of spatial mismatch and inequity.

An initial conceptual framework is presented for the integration of a number of multi-regional models, and a modular structure is outlined. This structure consists of a national econometric model; an integrated comparative cost, industrial complex, input-output, and programming module; a transportation module; a demographic module; a multiregion econometric module; and a factor demand-investment supply econometric module. Fruitful directions for partial or full integration of these modules are suggested with particular emphasis on intermodule and intramodule linkages and on several necessary consistency checks.

Spatial data are collected and represented as attributes of spatial objects embedded in a plane. Basis change is defined as the transfer of attributes from one set of objects to another. Methods of basis change for socioeconomic data are reviewed and are seen to differ in the assumptions made in each about underlying density surfaces. These methods are extended to more general cases, and an illustration is provided by using Californian data. The implementation of this framework within a geographical information system is discussed.