Suchergebnisse

25 páginas, 4 figuras, 4 tablas. -- The definitive version is avalaible at http://www.elsevier.com ; A multi-residual analytical method based on solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was developed to monitor pesticides in natural waters. Fifty-eight compounds, including herbicides, fungicides, insecticides and some of their degradation products, were surveyed to evaluate the quality of natural waters throughout the winegrowing region of La Rioja (Rioja DOCa). Ninety-two sampling points were selected, including surface and ground waters that could be affected by agricultural activities covering the region's three sub-areas. Different parameters that may affect the efficiency of the SPE procedure were optimised (sorbent type, elution solvent and sample volume), and matrix-matched standards were used to eliminate the variable matrix effect and ensure good quantification. The developed method allows the determination of target compounds below the level established by the European Union for waters for human use with suitable precision (relative standard deviations lower than 18%) and accuracy (with recoveries over 61%). Forty compounds included in this study (six insecticides, 12 herbicides, 16 fungicides and six degradation products) were detected in one or more samples. The herbicides terbuthylazine, its metabolite desethyl terbuthylazine, fluometuron and ethofumesate and the fungicides pyrimethanil and tebuconazole were the compounds most frequently detected in water samples (present in more than 60% of the samples). Concentrations above 0.1 lg L 1 were detected for 37 of the compounds studied, and in several cases recorded values of over 18 lg L 1. The results reveal the presence of pesticides in most of the samples investigated. In 64% of groundwaters and 62% of surface waters, the sum of compounds detected was higher than 0.5 lg L 1 (the limit established by EU legislation for the sum of all pesticides detected in waters for human use) ; This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project AGL2010-15976/AGR). E. Herrero-Hernández, CSIC for his JAE-Doc contracts co-financed by the European Structural and Social Funds (FEDER-FSE) and E. Pose-Juan and A. Alvárez-Martín thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for their Juan de la Cierva contract and FPI fellowship, respectively. ; Peer reviewed

14 páginas, 2 figuras, 3 tablas ; Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is the organic residue generated during mushroom cul-tivation, and it is being produced in ever‐greater quantities around the world. Different applications for this residue have been proposed for its valorization, but its application as a soil amendment could be one of the most sustainable. SMS improves soil quality by increasing its organic matter (OM), thereby enhancing the sustainability of agricultural systems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of two doses of SMS on the chemical, biochemical, and microbiological characteristics of two degraded vineyard soils in La Rioja (Spain) with different tex-tures, as a new regenerative agricultural practice. The variations in organic carbon (OC), micro‐ and macronutrients, soil microbial biomass (BIO), respiration (RES), dehydrogenase activity (DHA), and the profile of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) extracted from the soils were evaluated over two years. An initial increase in soil OC content was recorded in both soils, although the content that remained over time differed for each site. In general, SMS enhanced DHA, RES, and BIO in the soils, but the effect varied, possibly being conditioned by the availability of OC for soil microorganisms. In general, changes in the soils' microbial structure after SMS application were not very significant over the two‐year experimental period. ; This work has been funded by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD), the Council for Agriculture, Livestock and Environment of La Rioja, and the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAPAMA) (project VITIREG 2019/00128/064). We thank Project "CLU-2019-05—IRNASA/CSIC Unit of Excellence", funded by the regional government, the Junta of Castilla y León and co-financed by the European Union (ERDF "Europe drives our growth" ; Peer reviewed

10 páginas, 3 figuras, 2 tablas ; Sustainable agriculture practices and integrated pest management for avoiding environmental pollution are necessary to maintain a high yield in vineyard areas. Pesticide residues in groundwater in a vineyard area of La Rioja (Spain) have been evaluated in previous years, and they could now have varied after farmers have adopted the different measures recommended. Accordingly, this research's objectives were (i) to evaluate the occurrence and seasonal distribution (spring, summer, and autumn samplings) of pesticides (36) plus their degradation products (DP) (11) in water and soil samples (23 + 15) in La Rioja (Northern Spain), and (ii) to compare the current water quality (2019) with that determined previously (2011). A multi-residue method based on solid phase extraction (for water samples) or solid liquid extraction (for soil samples) and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) was used to determine and quantify pesticides. The results reveal the presence in waters of 30 compounds from those selected (15 fungicides + 2 DP, 7 insecticides + 1 DP, and 3 herbicides +2 DP), with 14 of them at concentrations > 0.1 μg L− 1 (water quality threshold for human consumption). The highest number of compounds was detected in summer (waters) and spring (soils). The pesticides most frequently detected in water samples were the fungicides metalaxyl, tebuconazole, and boscalid, with the last one being the compound found in the highest number of soil samples. The comparison of water pollution in 2011 and 2019 indicates a significant decrease in the total concentration of herbicides, fungicides and insecticides in 95–100%, 76–90%, and 42–85% of samples in the three campaigns, respectively. The results indicate that an optimized and sustainable use of pesticides in intensive and high-yield agricultural areas could reduce environmental pollution. ; The authors thank project 25P/18-VITIREG funded by FEADER, Regional Government of La Rioja and MAPAMA. Diana P. Manjarres Lopez thanks the University of La Rioja the financial support to perform this research ; Peer reviewed