Suchergebnisse

Land fragmentation and the small size of land parcels are still the major bottlenecks for agriculture sustainable development in rural China, and an efficient land rental market could consolidate land plots and realize agricultural management at a moderate scale. However, transaction cost is still the main obstacle of land transfer. It is, therefore, essential to reduce the excessive transaction costs in the process of transfer ; the primary task is to identify the roots of transaction costs. In order to accurately identify the sources of transaction costs, a generalized ordered Logit model with thresholds that allowed transaction costs to affect different directions of land transfer was developed using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey in 2015. The results suggested that the roots of transaction costs presented significant differences regarding the supply and demand of cropland. For the supply of land, the land titling program, land transfer intermediaries, and well-planned roads were the three most important factors that reduced transaction costs. For the demand of land, the three critical measures for reducing the transaction costs were well-planned roads, land consolidation, and the land titling program. The government should continue to push forward the land titling program and land consolidation projects in rural China, especially in hilly and mountainous areas. The infrastructure that greatly restricted agricultural development should be improved at a moderate level and the system of land circulating intermediary services at the township level should be established.

The study explores the management of patient complaints at a private hospital in Taiwan (i.e. the Case Hospital). The case study aims to identify factors which influence the response of the hospital to patient complaints and whether it incorporates information derived from patient complaints in its quality improvement efforts. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage was a cross-institutional comparison of quality management systems between a hospital in Britain and a hospital in Taiwan. The study explored how these hospitals managed patient complaints and whether they took such feedback into account in reviewing priority of services. The second stage included a detailed case study of the hospital in Taiwan (the Case Hospital), exploring the hospital's responses to patient complaints, along with the factors which may have influenced these responses. The study was designed to triangulate data through the use of a multi-method approach to derive converging or diverging empirical evidence from a variety of data sources. Data were obtained through interviews with hospital senior managers, a senior social worker, government officials, and managers of non-government organisations. A questionnaire survey was administered to managers, and the Critical Incident Technique (CIT), along with observation, was applied, as well as analysis of documents. Principally, this study adopts the techniques of thematic analysis (Lincoln and Guba, 1985a) with an interpretivist approach to analyse the empirical data. The results of the study indicate that although the Case Hospital appeared to be concerned about patients' complaints, it did not respond in a systematic way to the messages received. Hospital managers appeared to merely attempt to pacify complainants while ignoring the underlying causes of their complaints. It was evident that there were no protocols in place as to how staff should handle complaints, and as a result, the hospital was failing to use the information about systemic problems provided by patient ...

The enhancement of environmental awareness and the advancement of energy structure adjustments are driving forces behind achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality. These efforts have also spurred the innovative development of future energy industries, including hydrogen and electric energy. Within this context, the growth of new energy vehicles, such as clean energy vehicles, has garnered significant attention in China. Patents, as a key indicator of a company's innovation capability and market competitiveness, are crucial in evaluating the progress of the automotive industry. To better understand the development trajectory of China's leading automobile companies, this article selects several prominent domestic manufacturers as the focus of its analysis. By examining the current status and historical development of these companies, alongside an in-depth analysis of their patent portfolios—considering factors such as competitiveness, volume, and technological impact—this study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of their innovation landscape. Based on these insights, the article offers three strategic recommendations: First, it is essential to enhance the quality of patents, ensuring they are not only numerous but also impactful. Second, companies should intensify research and development efforts in critical areas, targeting breakthroughs in key technologies. Third, proactive patent layouts for forward-looking and emerging technologies should be pursued to secure long-term competitive advantages.

Dieses Buch bietet einen kompetenten Einblick in die Handelsstrukturen, Distributionswege und Konsumentenerwartungen in China. Eine hilfreiche Zusammenstellung von Statistiken macht zunächst den chinesischen Markt verständlich und zeigt eindrucksvoll die Veränderungsdynamik dieses großen Marktes auf. Danach wird der chinesische Einzelhandel (stationärer Handel, Online-Handel) näher untersucht und es wird auf die Besonderheiten des Cross-Border-E-Commerce ausführlich eingegangen. Die Einfuhrmöglichkeiten nach China - inklusiver der wesentlichen Bestimmungen der chinesischen Zoll-, Finanz- und Steuerbehörden - werden ebenso erläutert wie die logistischen Rahmenbedingungen und Distributionswege im geografisch einzigartigen chinesischen Einzelhandel. Zudem werden die wichtigsten Transaktionsmodelle und Marktteilnehmer im chinesischen Einzelhandel vorgestellt und deren Leistungen und Aufnahmebedingungen dargelegt. Die Erwartungen chinesischer Konsumenten hinsichtlich Produktqualität, Belieferung, Kommunikation und Kundenservice sind letztendlich erfolgsentscheidend. Wie dem im Marketing und digitaler Kommunikation zu begegnen ist, stellen die Autoren kenntnisreich dar. Aus dem Inhalt • Zahlen, Daten und Fakten zum chinesischen Handelsmarkt • Chinesische Handelsstrukturen und die Chancen des Cross-Border-E-Commerce • Einfuhrmöglichkeiten nach und Distributionswege in China • Marketing und Kommunikation im Reich der Mitte • Erwartungen der chinesischen Kunden • Fallbeispiele: Deutsche Unternehmen in Chinas Einzelhandel Die Autoren Dipl.-Wirtschaftsing. Yahui Luo-Alt ist selbständige Beraterin im chinesisch-europäischen Handelssektor. Sie hat zahlreiche chinesische Händler beim Europageschäft begleitet und berät deutsche Unternehmen beim Markteintritt in China. Professor Dr. Jonas Polfuß ist Experte für Online- und China-Marketing. Er hat namhafte europäische Firmen mit SEO- und Advertorial-Kampagnen beim Marketing für chinesische Zielgruppen unterstützt