Suchergebnisse

Despite growing interest in immigration, little is known about the impact of foreign-born status on victimization or the factors that account for any variation in victimization between foreign-born and U.S.-born individuals. In recognizing that not all foreign-born individuals may have the same experiences, this study takes the initiative to examine the effects of foreign-born status on risks of victimization across Whites, Blacks, Asians, and Hispanics/Latinos. Based on data from a large random sample of Seattle residents, we find that race/ethnicity and foreign-born status have some interaction effects on criminal victimization, particularly on violent victimization. While foreign-born Latinos have higher risks of property victimization than native-born Latinos, they, along with foreign-born Asians, have lower risks of violent victimization than their native-born counterparts. Indicators of routine activities/lifestyle theory attenuate, to a limited extent, the effects of race/ethnicity and foreign-born status on victimization. Research implications are discussed.

Burnout, a syndrome caused by excessive strain and psychological exhaustion, comprises the dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and feelings of being ineffective. Survey results from 160 correctional staff at a maximum security private prison in the Midwest were used to compute ordinary least squares regression equations in order to reveal the effects of burnout on the outcomes of life satisfaction, turnover intent, and absenteeism. Ineffectiveness was linked with none of the three outcomes. Depersonalization was linked with increased turnover intent and more frequent absenteeism, and emotional exhaustion was linked with all three outcomes. The results differed somewhat between female and male staff and between correctional and noncorrectional officers.

Abstract
This research contributes to the small but growing body of scholarship examining non-fatal shooting cases. This study is particularly important considering the recent increase in the number of shooting incidents in the USA, and the fact that there are often many more non-fatal shooting cases than fatal outcomes. The Buffalo Police Department developed a specific investigative unit focusing exclusively on non-fatal shootings with the expectation that this would allow one group of detectives to focus on all homicides, while the other group focused exclusively on non-fatal shootings. Data from the Buffalo Police Department included both fatal and non-fatal shooting incidents, and an interrupted time series analysis was used to determine if there was an increase in the number of cases cleared by arrest. Results indicated that the implementation of the specific investigative unit did not influence clearances for non-fatal shootings. Furthermore, contrary to expectations, the numbers of clearances for homicides in the post-intervention period were significantly lower than those in the pre-intervention period. Two conclusions are offered. First, the non-fatal shooting unit was not structured in a way that mimicked a homicide unit, thus lacking the resources to clear non-fatal shooting cases. Secondly, separating investigative units created a 'silo effect' where the units may not have communicated enough on similar incidents.

Altheimer, A. et al. ; This report of the BOOST2012 workshop presents the results of four working groups that studied key aspects of jet substructure. We discuss the potential of first-principle QCD calculations to yield a precise description of the substructure of jets and study the accuracy of state-of-the-art Monte Carlo tools. Limitations of the experiments' ability to resolve substructure are evaluated, with a focus on the impact of additional (pile-up) proton proton collisions on jet substructure performance in future LHC operating scenarios. A final section summarizes the lessons learnt from jet substructure analyses in searches for new physics in the production of boosted top quarks. ; We thank the Spanish Center for Particle Physics, Astroparticle and Nuclear Physics (CPAN), the regional government (Generalitat Valenciana), Heidelberg University and IFIC (U. Valencia/CSIC) for their generous support of the BOOST2012 conference. ; Peer reviewed

Altres ajuts: We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of MINECO, Spain and EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union and CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya. Funded by SCOAP3. ; The reconstruction of the signal from hadrons and jets emerging from the proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and entering the ATLAS calorimeters is based on a three-dimensional topological clustering of individual calorimeter cell signals. The cluster formation follows cell signal-significance patterns generated by electromagnetic and hadronic showers. In this, the clustering algorithm implicitly performs a topological noise suppression by removing cells with insignificant signals which are not in close proximity to cells with significant signals. The resulting topological cell clusters have shape and location information, which is exploited to apply a local energy calibration and corrections depending on the nature of the cluster. Topological cell clustering is established as a well-performing calorimeter signal definition for jet and missing transverse momentum reconstruction in ATLAS.

Ajuts: We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of MINECO, Spain and EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union. Funded by SCOAP3. ; Searches for pair-produced scalar leptoquarks are performed using 20 fb of proton-proton collision data provided by the LHC and recorded by the ATLAS detector at TeV. Events with two electrons (muons) and two or more jets in the final state are used to search for first (second)-generation leptoquarks. The results from two previously published ATLAS analyses are interpreted in terms of third-generation leptoquarks decaying to and final states. No statistically significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed in any channel and scalar leptoquarks are excluded at 95 % CL with masses up to 1050 GeV for first-generation leptoquarks, 1000 GeV for second-generation leptoquarks, 625 GeV for third-generation leptoquarks in the channel, and 200 640 GeV in the channel.

Ajuts: We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of MINECO, Spain and EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union. Funded by SCOAP3. ; This paper reports a detailed study of techniques for identifying boosted, hadronically decaying W bosons using 20.3 fb of proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy . A range of techniques for optimising the signal jet mass resolution are combined with various jet substructure variables. The results of these studies in Monte Carlo simulations show that a simple pairwise combination of groomed jet mass and one substructure variable can provide a 50 % efficiency for identifying W bosons with transverse momenta larger than 200 GeV while maintaining multijet background efficiencies of 2-4 % for jets with the same transverse momentum. These signal and background efficiencies are confirmed in data for a selection of tagging techniques.

Ajuts: We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of MINECO, Spain and EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union and CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya. Funded by SCOAP3. ; Combined analyses of the Higgs boson production and decay rates as well as its coupling strengths to vector bosons and fermions are presented. The combinations include the results of the analyses of the and decay modes, and the constraints on the associated production with a pair of top quarks and on the off-shell coupling strengths of the Higgs boson. The results are based on the LHC proton-proton collision datasets, with integrated luminosities of up to 4.7 at TeV and 20.3 at TeV, recorded by the ATLAS detector in 2011 and 2012. Combining all production modes and decay channels, the measured signal yield, normalised to the Standard Model expectation, is . The observed Higgs boson production and decay rates are interpreted in a leading-order coupling framework, exploring a wide range of benchmark coupling models both with and without assumptions on the Higgs boson width and on the Standard Model particle content in loop processes. The data are found to be compatible with the Standard Model expectations for a Higgs boson at a mass of 125.36 GeV for all models considered.

Ajuts: We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of MINECO, Spain and EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union. Funded by SCOAP3. ; A search for the flavour-changing neutral-current decay is presented. Data collected by the ATLAS detector during 2012 from proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb, are analysed. Top-quark pair-production events with one top quark decaying through the () channel and the other through the dominant Standard Model mode are considered as signal. Only the decays of the Z boson to charged leptons and leptonic W boson decays are used. No evidence for a signal is found and an observed (expected) upper limit on the branching ratio of () is set at the 95 % confidence level

Ajuts: We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of MINECO, Spain and EPLANET, ERC, ERDF, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union. Funded by SCOAP3. ; A search for single top-quark production via flavour-changing neutral current processes from gluon plus up- or charm-quark initial states in proton-proton collisions at the LHC is presented. Data collected with the ATLAS detector in 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb are used. Candidate events for a top quark decaying into a lepton, a neutrino and a jet are selected and classified into signal- and background-like candidates using a neural network. No signal is observed and an upper limit on the production cross-section multiplied by the t→Wb branching fraction is set. The observed 95 % CL limit is σqg→t×B(t→Wb)<3.4pb and the expected 95 % CL limit is σqg→t×B(t→Wb)<2.9pb. The observed 95 % CL limit is and the expected 95 % CL limit is . The observed limit can be interpreted as upper limits on the coupling constants of the flavour-changing neutral current interactions divided by the scale of new physics κugt/Λ<5.8×10−3TeV−1 and κcgt/Λ<13×10−3TeV and on the branching fractions B(t→ug)<4.0×10−5 and B(t→cg)<20×10−5.

We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of MINECO, Spain and EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union. Funded by SCOAP3 ; A search for direct pair production of the supersymmetric partner of the top quark, decaying via a scalar tau to a nearly massless gravitino, has been performed using 20 fb of proton-proton collision data at . The data were collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2012. Top squark candidates are searched for in events with either two hadronically decaying tau leptons, one hadronically decaying tau and one light lepton, or two light leptons. No significant excess over the Standard Model expectation is found. Exclusion limits at confidence level are set as a function of the top squark and scalar tau masses. Depending on the scalar tau mass, ranging from the LEP limit to the top squark mass, lower limits between 490 and are placed on the top squark mass within the model considered.

Ajuts: We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of MINECO, Spain and EPLANET, ERC, FP7, Horizon 2020 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, European Union. Funded by SCOAP3. ; This paper reports inclusive and differential measurements of the charge asymmetry in of collisions recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. Three differential measurements are performed as a function of the invariant mass, transverse momentum and longitudinal boost of the system. The pairs are selected in the single-lepton channels (e or ) with at least four jets, and a likelihood fit is used to reconstruct the event kinematics. A Bayesian unfolding procedure is performed to infer the asymmetry at parton level from the observed data distribution. The inclusive charge asymmetry is measured to be (stat. syst.). The inclusive and differential measurements are compatible with the values predicted by the Standard Model.