Suchergebnisse

La Vega Baja se sitúa al norte del centro histórico de Toledo, el ámbito de actuación del Plan Director de la Vega Baja (PDVB) está delimitado por el río Tajo al oeste, por el Paseo del Cristo de la Vega que lo separa del casco histórico al sur, y por los barrios de La Reconquista y Santa Teresa al este y al norte. Es un gran vacío urbano, que pese a su situación privilegiada a los pies del casco histórico se ha mantenido libre hasta la actualidad debido principalmente al uso militar que ha acogido la Real Fábrica de Armas, proyectada por Sabatini y construida a fines del s xviii, y que se mantuvo en funcionamiento hasta las últimas décadas del s xx. En 1997 abre sus puertas como nueva sede de la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, gracias a un convenio entre el Ministerio de Defensa, propietario de los terrenos, y el Ayuntamiento de Toledo. El suelo adyacente al complejo industrial se recalifica para la construcción de 1300 viviendas y equipamientos comerciales.

En general las ciudades europeas cuentan con una amplia tradición de agricultura urbana, en la que las asociaciones de hortelanos juegan un papel importante en la gestión de los espacios y en la interlocución con las administraciones públicas. Por su parte los gobiernos locales desarrollan políticas de fomento de los huertos urbanos y han definido herramientas concretas para su regulación, protección y gestión. Esta doble tradición ha sido decisiva a la hora de resistir las presiones urbanizadoras que se producen en el suelo urbano. En el estado español no encontramos el mismo contexto normativo y las iniciativas de agricultura urbana están aún en periodo de ensayo, aunque son numerosos los programas municipales de huertos de ocio y están aumentando los proyectos liderados por asociaciones vecinales y ecologistas. Basándonos en los resultados del análisis se propone un modelo administrativo para el desarrollo de la agricultura urbana en las ciudades españolas, que parta de la definición de políticas concretas, el reconocimiento normativo en los planes de ordenación urbanística y en las ordenanzas municipales, y el diseño de un modelo de gestión en el que participe el gobierno local (adquisición de terrenos, infraestructuras, asistencia técnica y financiera, espacio de coordinación) y las asociaciones de hortelanos. Palabras clave: normativa urbanística, participación ciudadana, políticas públicas, huertos comunitarios.

In Europe, the periurban agrarian spaces receive the highest urban pressure: between 1990 and 2000, the 77% new artificial uses grew upon agrarian areas. Analyzing the evolving objectives of the spatial planning in the European Union, becomes evident the minor significance gived to the agrarian systems. Neither this is consequence with the environmentalist discourse; nor is facing the scenario coming with the energy crisis, the global change and the depletion resource. Neither the Common Agricultural Policy helps to preserve periurban agrarian spaces which will play an important role in the future viability of our cities. The stablishment of adequate forms of protection, their reconsideration within the planning tools and the enhancement of agricultural activity would reduce the urban expectations, slowing down their transformation. The analysis of different European cases can provide interesting lessons on how to progress towards these goals. ; En Europa los espacios agrarios periurbanos sufren la mayor presión urbanizadora: entre 1990 y 2000, el 77% de los nuevos suelos artificiales ocuparon áreas agrarias. Al analizar la evolución de los objetivos de la ordenación territorial en la Unión Europea, se hace patente la poca importancia que se da a los sistemas agrarios. Esto no es consecuente con el discurso ambientalista, ni se enfrenta al escenario que se avecina de crisis energética, cambio global y agotamiento de recursos. Tampoco la Política Agraria Común contribuye a preservar los espacios agrarios periurbanos, que van a jugar un importante papel en la viabilidad futura de nuestras urbes. La creación de figuras adecuadas de protección, su reconsideración en los instrumentos de ordenación y la revalorización de la actividad agraria reducirían las expectativas urbanizadoras, frenando su transformación. El análisis de distintos casos europeos ofrece interesantes lecciones sobre cómo avanzar hacia esos objetivos.

La experiencia de la ciudad de Friburgo destaca, además de porque lleva décadas gobernada por Los Verdes, y por una gran socialización de las energías renovables, por acoger una experiencia muy innovadora de regeneración urbana: el proceso del ecobarrio Vauban. En 1993 un grupo de jóvenes okupó unos antiguos cuarteles de la OTAN. Tras un proceso de negociación con el Ayuntamiento, obtuvieron permiso para permanecer en algunas de las naves. De esa iniciativa nació SUSI, una cooperativa autogestionada de vivienda para jóvenes y personas con bajos ingresos, así como espacios para iniciativas sociales. El proyecto de la Administración local era demoler el resto para reedificar un nuevo barrio. Distintos activistas del ecologismo y del movimiento antinuclear plantearon y lograron poner en marcha una alternativa al proyecto oficial a través de una asociación ciudadana, Forum Vauban, que ha logrado participar en el proceso de renovación del resto del barrio y dinamizar un intenso proceso de participación ciudadana orientado a convertir el futuro barrio en un asentamiento lo más ecológico posible.

OBJECTIVES: To identify genetic determinants of susceptibility to clinical vertebral fractures, which is an important complication of osteoporosis. METHODS: Here we conduct a genome-wide association study in 1553 postmenopausal women with clinical vertebral fractures and 4340 controls, with a two-stage replication involving 1028 cases and 3762 controls. Potentially causal variants were identified using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data from transiliac bone biopsies and bioinformatic studies. RESULTS: A locus tagged by rs10190845 was identified on chromosome 2q13, which was significantly associated with clinical vertebral fracture (P=1.04×10-9) with a large effect size (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.6). Bioinformatic analysis of this locus identified several potentially functional SNPs that are associated with expression of the positional candidate genes TTL (tubulin tyrosine ligase) and SLC20A1 (solute carrier family 20 member 1). Three other suggestive loci were identified on chromosomes 1p31, 11q12 and 15q11. All these loci were novel and had not previously been associated with bone mineral density or clinical fractures. CONCLUSION: We have identified a novel genetic variant that is associated with clinical vertebral fractures by mechanisms that are independent of BMD. Further studies are now in progress to validate this association and evaluate the underlying mechanism. ; ORCADES was supported by the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government (CZB/4/276, CZB/4/710), the Royal Society, the MRC Human Genetics Unit, Arthritis Research UK and the European Union framework programme 6 EUROSPAN project (contract no. LSHG-CT-2006-018947). DNA extractions were performed at the Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility in Edinburgh. We would like to acknowledge the invaluable contributions of Lorraine Anderson and the research nurses in Orkney, the administrative team in Edinburgh and the people of Orkney. CABRIO was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Fondos FEDER from the EU (PI 11/1092 and PI12/615). The AOGC study was funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (Project grant 511132). Lothian Birth Cohort 1921 phenotype collection was supported by the UK's Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), The Royal Society and The Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government. Phenotype collection in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 was supported by Age UK (The Disconnected Mind project). Genotyping of the cohorts was funded by the BBSRC. The work was undertaken by the University of Edinburgh Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, part of the cross council Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Initiative (MR/K026992/1). Funding from the BBSRC and Medical Research Council (MRC) is gratefully acknowledged. Research work on Slovenian case and control samples was funded by Slovenian Research Agency (project no. P3-0298 and J3-2330). The Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) is a result of major grants from the Danish National Research Foundation, the Danish Pharmacists' Fund, the Egmont Foundation, the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, the Augustinus Foundation and the Health Fund of the Danish Health Insurance Societies. The DNBC biobank is a part of the Danish National Biobank resource, which is supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation. Dr Bjarke Feenstra is supported by an Oak Foundation Fellowship. The Framingham Study was funded by grants from the US National Institute for Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and National Institute on Aging (R01 AR 41398 and R01 AR061162; DPK and R01 AR 050066; DK). The Framingham Heart Study of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health and Boston University School of Medicine were supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study (N01-HC-25195) and its contract with Affymetrix, Inc. for genotyping services (N02-HL-6-4278). Analyses reflect intellectual input and resource development from the Framingham Heart Study investigators participating in the SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe) project. A portion of this research was conducted using the Linux Cluster for Genetic Analysis (LinGA‐II) funded by the Robert Dawson Evans Endowment of the Department of Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center. This research was performed within the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis (GEFOS) consortium, funded by the European Commission (HEALTH-F2-2008-201865-GEFOS).

AbstractRaw-crushed wind-turbine blade (RCWTB), a waste from the recycling of wind-turbine blades, is used as a raw material in concrete in this research. It contains not only fiberglass-composite fibers that bridge the cementitious matrix but also polyurethane and balsa-wood particles. Therefore, concrete containing RCWTB can be notably affected by moisture and temperature fluctuations and by exposure to high temperatures. In this research, the performance of five concrete mixes with 0.0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5%, and 6.0% RCWTB, respectively, is studied under moist/dry, alternating-sign-temperature-shock, and high-temperature-shock tests. Two damage mechanisms of RCWTB within concrete were found through these tests: on the one hand, micro-cracking of the cementitious matrix, which was verified by microscopic analyses and was dependent on concrete porosity; on the other, damage and degradation of the RCWTB components, as the polyurethane melted, and the balsa-wood particles burned. Both phenomena led to larger remaining-strain levels and reduced concrete compressive strength by up to 25% under temperature and humidity variations, although the bridging effect of the fiberglass-composite fibers was effective when adding RCWTB amounts higher than 3.0%. The compressive-strength loss after the high-temperature-shock test increased with the RCWTB content, reaching maximum values of 8% after an exposure time of 7 days. Statistical analyses revealed that effect of the RCA amount in the concrete was conditioned by the exposure times in all the tests. The accurate definition of those times is therefore key to set an RCWTB content in concrete that ensures its suitable behavior under the environmental conditions analyzed.