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CONTEXT: This article examines factors related to earnings in the context of the governmental public health system's urgent need to recruit and retain trained public health workers as many in the existing workforce move toward retirement. METHODS: This article characterizes annualized earnings from state and local public health practitioners in 2017, using data from the 2017 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey (PH WINS), which was fielded in fall/winter 2017 to more than 100 000 state and local public health practitioners in the United States. The response consisted of 47 604 public health workers for a response rate of 48%. We performed descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and interval-based regression techniques to explore relationships between annualized earnings, supervisory status, gender, years of experience, highest degree (and whether it was a public health degree), job classification, race/ethnicity, union/bargaining unit, paid as salary or hourly wage, setting, and region. RESULTS: Higher supervisory status, higher educational attainment, white non-Hispanic race/ethnicity, male gender, salaried employment, bargaining unit (labor union) position, certain geographic regions, having a clinical/laboratory/other scientific position, and working in either a state health agency (SHA) or a large local health department (LHD) setting are all associated with higher salary. Having a public health degree versus a degree in another area did not appear to increase earnings. Being a person of color was associated with earning $4000 less annually than white peers (P < .001), all else being equal. The overall regression model showed a gender wage gap of about $3000 for women (P = .018). Supervisors, clinical and laboratory staff, public health sciences staff, and union staff also earned more than their counterparts. DISCUSSION: As multiple factors continue to shape the public health workforce, including increasing racial/ethnic diversity, continued retirements of baby boomers, and the growth of ...

Purpose. To examine behavioral patterns and sociodemographic predictors of diet, inactivity, and tobacco use among a diverse sample of residents from low-income housing developments. Design. In this cross-sectional survey study, households and residents were randomly selected using multistage cluster sampling. Setting. The study was conducted in 20 low-income housing developments in the Boston, Massachusetts, metropolitan area. Subjects. Subjects were 828 residents who completed the survey (response rate = 49.3%). Forty-one percent of participants were Hispanic and 38% were non-Hispanic Black. Measures. Outcomes measured were diet, inactivity, and tobacco use. Predictors measured were age, race/ethnicity, gender, education, country in which the subject was born, language spoken, and financial hardship. Analysis. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the association of three health behaviors with sociodemographic factors. Results. Age, gender, language spoken, and financial hardship showed significant relationships with all three behaviors. For example, those who reported less financial hardship (odds ratio [OR] = 1.75) were more likely to eat healthier. Residents who spoke no English, or at least one language in addition to English, were significantly more likely to report healthier eating (OR = 2.78 and 3.30, respectively) than those who spoke English only. Men were significantly more likely to report less healthy eating (OR = 0.65) than were women. Similar trends emerged for inactivity and tobacco use. Conclusion. Effective health promotion interventions in low-income housing developments that leverage protective factors while addressing risk factors have the potential to reduce income-related health disparities in these concentrated resource-deprived neighborhoods.