Suchergebnisse

The aim of this study is to explore the impact of Governance on Child Labor. We all know, child labor is most pressing issue in developing countries and illiteracy, less per capita income, malnutrition and lack of development has added the impact. In article, we discussed the types of Governance and explores some other factors which impede and promote the public sector responsibilities towards children. We also highlighted the methodologies of assessment and performance of governments as protectors of children rights according to international commitments i.e. SDG's, In study, the dependent variable is Child Labor, while the independent variables are Governance, Population Growth Rate, Literacy Rate, Gross Domestic Product and Number of Schools. Time series data is used in range of 1990 to 2018. Augmented Dicky Fuller test is used to check the stationarity of the data. ARDL technique is applied on variables to check the long and short run relationship. The result shows an inverse relation between child labor and Governance, GDP, Literacy and number of schools as improvement in these indicators will decrease child labor. However, Population and child labor has a positive impact, by increasing population child labor will be increased. Impactful policies, good governance and better leadership are the only tools that can be helpful to tune child labor problem in developing countries.

Recently, the application of renewable energy sources (RESs) for power distribution systems is growing immensely. This advancement brings several advantages, such as energy sustainability and reliability, easier maintenance, cost-effective energy sources, and ecofriendly. The application of RESs in maritime systems such as port microgrids massively improves energy efficiency and reduces the utilization of fossil fuels, which is a serious threat to the environment. Accordingly, ports are receiving several initiatives to improve their energy efficiency by deploying different types of RESs based on the power electronic converters. This paper conducts a systematic review to provide cutting-edge state-of-the-art on the modern electrification and infrastructure of seaports taking into account some challenges such as the environmental aspects, energy efficiency enhancement, renewable energy integration, and legislative and regulatory requirements. Moreover, the technological methods, including electrifications, digitalization, onshore power supply applications, and energy storage systems of ports, are addressed. Furthermore, details of some operational strategies such as energy-aware operations and peak-shaving are delivered. Besides, the infrastructure scheme to enhance the energy efficiency of modern ports, including port microgrids and seaport smart microgrids are delivered. Finally, the applications of nascent technologies in seaports are presented.