Suchergebnisse

Although Mycobacterium avium subspecies are generally not considered food pathogens, the infections caused by these particular nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can represent a serious threat to immunocompromised population. Additionally, infections with a member of Mycobacterium Avium Compex (MAC) can affect the efficiency of BCG vaccines used for the humans. In infected animals, M. avium may be present in different tissues without apparent clinical symptoms and macroscopic lesions. Veterinary meat inspection would then fail to recognize infected animals and such meat and meat products thereof could enter the human diet. The aim of this paper is also to analyze the current control policy in Europe according to infections of pigs with the members of MAC, and point out the risks for public health. By analyzing a large number of meat samples and other dietary nutrients, different groups of authors have provided evidence to support the hypothesis that M. avium is present in the everyday environment. Therefore, food as a source of infection with mycobacteria should not be ignored. The control of mycobacteria requires a better diagnostic approach, having in mind recent positive cases of M. avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH) in an increasing number of exported pigs from EU countries to Serbia. The introduction of reliable diagnostic methods for MAH could result in decreasing the occurrence of infection in pigs, as well as in humans, having in mind that WHO reported 10 million new cases of tuberculosis-mycobacteriosis in the human population in 2015 with 21% of these cases occurring in immunocompromised individuals and children.

Although Mycobacterium avium subspecies are generally not considered food pathogens, the infections caused by these particular nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can represent a serious threat to immunocompromised population. Additionally, infections with a member of Mycobacterium Avium Compex (MAC) can affect the efficiency of BCG vaccines used for the humans. In infected animals, M. avium may be present in different tissues without apparent clinical symptoms and macroscopic lesions. Veterinary meat inspection would then fail to recognize infected animals and such meat and meat products thereof could enter the human diet. The aim of this paper is also to analyze the current control policy in Europe according to infections of pigs with the members of MAC, and point out the risks for public health. By analyzing a large number of meat samples and other dietary nutrients, different groups of authors have provided evidence to support the hypothesis that M. avium is present in the everyday environment. Therefore, food as a source of infection with mycobacteria should not be ignored. The control of mycobacteria requires a better diagnostic approach, having in mind recent positive cases of M. avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH) in an increasing number of exported pigs from EU countries to Serbia. The introduction of reliable diagnostic methods for MAH could result in decreasing the occurrence of infection in pigs, as well as in humans, having in mind that WHO reported 10 million new cases of tuberculosis-mycobacteriosis in the human population in 2015 with 21% of these cases occurring in immunocompromised individuals and children. ; Mada se pripadnici podvrste Mycobacterium avium ne smatraju uzročnicima koji se primarno prenose putem hrane, infekcija ovim netuberkuloznim mikobakterijama (NTM) može predstavljati značajnu pretnju za zdravlje imunokompromitovanih jedinki. Infekcija pripadnicima Mycobacterium avium kompleksa (MAC) može da utiče na BCG imunitet u humanoj populaciji. U inficiranim životinjama M. avium može biti prisutan u različitim organima bez izraženih kliničkih simptoma i morfoloških manifestacija. Iz tog razloga veterinarska inspekcija na liniji klanja nema mogućnost da detektuje inficirane životinje, pa meso i mesni proizvodi od ovih životinja mogu ući u lanac ljudske ishrane. Cilj ovog rada je da iznese i trenutnu politiku kontrole infekcije svinja pripadnicima MAC-a u Evropi, kao i da ukaže na glavne potencijalne rizike. Analizom velikog broja uzoraka mesa i drugih namernica za ljudsku ishranu, različite grupe autora u svojim istraživanjima dokazale su prisustvo M. avium, pa se hrana kao izvor infekcije mikobakterijama ipak ne sme zanemariti. Kontrola mikobakterija zahteva bolji dijagnostički pristup, uzimajući u obzir i povećan broj slučajeva infekcija M. avium subsp hominissuis kod svinja koje su se uvozile u Srbiju iz zemalja EU proteklih godina. Uvođenje pouzdanih dijagnostičkih metoda za utvrđivanje MAH uzročnika trebalo bi da smanjeni rizik od infekcije kod svinja, pa i kod ljudi, imajući u vidu da je na osnovu podataka Svetske zdravstvene organizacije registrovano 10 miliona novih slučajeva tuberkuloze odn. mikobakterioze ljudi u toku 2015. godine, a 21% ovih slučajeva zabeleženo je upravo u populaciji imunokopromitovanih jedinki.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral disease of domestic swine and wild boars. The aim of the study was to examine samples of lymphoid tissues and brain for the presence of Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) antigen in piglets that originate from vaccinated and unvaccinated sows, in order to compare the intensity of pathological lesions in conditions of different immunological status. A total of 20 crossbreed piglets of both sexes, aged 45 days were divided in three groups (G1, G2 and G3). Piglets of G1 originated from sows vaccinated with a live vaccine containing attenuated C strain CSFV. Piglets of G2 originated from unvaccinated sows. Two piglets of G3 originated from vaccinated and two piglets from unvaccinated sows and they served as the control group. All the piglets from G1 and G2 were intramuscularly inoculated with 2×105 TCDI/50 of CSFV, Baker strain and they died by the 22nd day post inoculation. Immunohistochemistry was applied for immunolabeling E2 (gp55) glycoprotein of CSFV in the tonsils, mandibular lymph nodes, ileocecal valve and brain of all tested piglets. Differences were observed in the severity of lesions in the lymphoid tissue and the brain between G1 and G2 piglets. The present level of colostral antibodies was not able to protect piglets in G1 from the fatal outcome of the disease. Among others, this finding may also have an impact on vaccination policy in the future. Having in mind that vaccination of all domestic pigs with attenuated C-strain vaccine is still a mandatory control measure for CSF in Serbia, soon a non-vaccination policy should be harmonized with EU directives. ; Klasična kuga svinja (KKS) predstavlja zarazno oboljenje domaćih i divljih svinja. Cilj ovih ispitivanja bio je utvrđivanje prisustva virusa KKS u uzorcima limfatičnog tkiva i mozga prasadi, poreklom od vakcinisanih i nevakcinisanih krmača, i praćenje intenziteta patoloških promena pri različitom imunološkom statusu. Ispitivanja su izvršena na 20 prasadi oba pola, starosti 45 dana, koja su podeljena u tri grupe (G1, G2 i G3). Prasad G1 grupe poticala su od krmača koje su vakcinisane atenuiranom vakcinom C-soja virusa KKS. Prasad G2 i G3 grupe poticala su od nevakcinisanih krmača. Prasad G3 grupe predstavljala su kontrolnu grupu. Virus KKS inokulisan je intramuskularno prasadima G1 i G2 grupe ('Baker' soj, 2×105 TCDI/50). Sva prasad su uginula najdalje do 22. dana od momenta inokulacije. Imunohistohemijska metoda je korišćena za dokazivanje E2 (gp55) antigena u uzorcima tonzila, mandibularnih limfnih čvorova, ileocekalnih tonzila i mozga, kod svih prasadi u ogledu. Utvrđena je razlika u intenzitetu patoloških promena u limfatičnom tkivu i mozgu prasadi G1 i G2 grupe. Kolostralna antitela protiv virusa KKS nisu uspela da zaštite prasad od fatalnog ishoda bolesti. Između ostalog, ovi rezultati mogu imati značaj za program vakcinacije u budućnosti. Naime, vakcinacija svinja protiv KKS, atenuiranim K sojem virusa i dalje je obavezna zakonska mera u Srbiji. Uskoro će se program prestanka vakcinacije uskladiti sa EU direktivama.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious viral disease of domestic swine and wild boars. The aim of the study was to examine samples of lymphoid tissues and brain for the presence of Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) antigen in piglets that originate from vaccinated and unvaccinated sows, in order to compare the intensity of pathological lesions in conditions of different immunological status. A total of 20 crossbreed piglets of both sexes, aged 45 days were divided in three groups (G1, G2 and G3). Piglets of G1 originated from sows vaccinated with a live vaccine containing attenuated C strain CSFV. Piglets of G2 originated from unvaccinated sows. Two piglets of G3 originated from vaccinated and two piglets from unvaccinated sows and they served as the control group. All the piglets from G1 and G2 were intramuscularly inoculated with 2×105 TCDI/50 of CSFV, Baker strain and they died by the 22nd day post inoculation. Immunohistochemistry was applied for immunolabeling E2 (gp55) glycoprotein of CSFV in the tonsils, mandibular lymph nodes, ileocecal valve and brain of all tested piglets. Differences were observed in the severity of lesions in the lymphoid tissue and the brain between G1 and G2 piglets. The present level of colostral antibodies was not able to protect piglets in G1 from the fatal outcome of the disease. Among others, this finding may also have an impact on vaccination policy in the future. Having in mind that vaccination of all domestic pigs with attenuated C-strain vaccine is still a mandatory control measure for CSF in Serbia, soon a non-vaccination policy should be harmonized with EU directives.