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This article provides a comparative analysis of the political economy of Chinese and Indian economic engagement strategies in Nigeria. It argues that although China is becoming increasingly prominent in Nigeria partly because of its state-led economic engagement strategy, India's private sector-led engagement strategy chimes with Nigeria's neoliberal economic reforms. However, the article maintains even though both Chinese and Indian strategies are not mutually exclusive to either of the two giants in the pursuit of their interests on the continent, African leaders and policymakers need to develop more strategic engagement plans in their dealings with China and India.

Conditional cash Transfers (CCTS) in the past decade have become attractive as social protection programmes for reducing chronic poverty and vulnerabilities in poor African households. however, the adoption of CCTS in african countries overlooks and neglects the individual and different programme contexts required for successful implementation of the programmes. This negligence can impede the achievement of programme objectives as well as their sustainability owing to prevailing socio-political together with economic development constraints. This policy brief thus advocates for greater consideration by government officials and their international development partners of the needs of individual countries in the design and implementation of ccT programmes in africa. While various social protection programmes exist in one (un)conditional form or the other in countries like Ghana, Nigeria, Ethiopia, South Africa, Zambia, Egypt, and Uganda amongst others, the introduction of CCTS as social protection programmes is a relatively new phenomena and therefore throws up some challenges. The challenges they present should therefore be seen as part of a learning process rather than reasons to avoid attempting to implement them successfully.

With the target date for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) behind us, this book asks did they work? And what happens next? Arguing that to effectively look forward, we must first look back, the editors of this insightful book gather leading scholars and practitioners from a range of backgrounds and regions to provide an in-depth exploration of the MDG project and its impact. Contributors use region-specific case studies to explore the effectiveness of the MDGs in addressing the root causes of poverty, including resource geographies, early childhood development and education, women's rights and disability rights as well as the impact of the global financial crisis and Arab Spring on MDG attainment. Providing a critical assessment that seeks to inform future policy decisions, the book will be valuable to those working in the development community as well as to academics and students of international development, international relations and development economics