Suchergebnisse

In Barack Obama and the Arab Spring: A Successful Balancing Act of Foreign Policy and Diplomacy, Ahmed Zohny develops a well-blended marriage of history and political theories of U.S. foreign policy, diplomacy, public diplomacy, and national security.

AbstractThis article genealogically traces the historical development of democracy in Egypt and the military and Islamists' involvement in politics since the British occupation in Egypt in 1882, following the semi‐independence in 1922, through the 1952 revolution, and up to the revolutionary waves of the Arab Spring of January 25, 2011 and June 30, 2013. In this article, the author provides perceptual and analytical insight into the outcome of the Arab Spring of 2011 within the complicated realities of Egypt's politics during the transition to democracy, where the military and Islamists are competing to retain power in order to shape Egypt's future. The author argues that it is too early to make a judgmental argument that the transition to democracy has failed since the process of democratization is long and not linear, with periods of political trajectories while adapting in response to national, regional, and international events, dynamics, and forces. The research concludes that the coping models of democracy from outside of the Egyptian context may not work. Egypt should develop its own model of democracy based on an all stakeholders consensus accompanied by an incremental process of demilitarizing and desecuritizing the nation.

To add more details about the effect of the axial magnetic field on the plasma profile, the breakdown voltage of air was investigated at low pressure (9-15 Pa) in the presence of axial magnetic field (0.01-0.04T). The air was ignited by a DC voltage between two plain electrodes of aluminum separated by a distance (8.5cm). The measurements showed that the discharge voltage decreases to a minimum value, then returns to increase over the minimum with increasing the magnetic field strength, at all pressures in the range. It was also observed that a maximum decrease in the discharge voltage is obtained near the minimum of Paschen curve from the right side. The decrease in the discharge voltage was caused mainly by the effect of magnetic flux density on the diffusion of charged particles to the walls, especially on that of free electrons which were borne during the breakdown process.

As a result of advanced digital technology, we have become increasingly reliant on a global connectivity device such as laptops, tablets, and mobile phones. So, the interaction of human eyes with the industrial light of such devices becomes full of dangers caused by the short distance and the long duration of the view. With specific details, this study discusses and supports the physics of light-eye interaction. The physical treatment of light-eye interaction shows that the transmitted parts of the eye do not have a considerable amount of reflection, diffraction, scattering, or absorption of light rays, so they allow light to pass through them freely with some refraction. It has been established that about 98% of the incident light rays can pass through the eyes to reach the retina. The optical transmittance spectrum of the human eye has been shown to have a Gaussian shape with a center wavelength between 200 and 1400 nm. The duration of view, distance of vision, and shielding by a glassy substance have all been demonstrated to be effective procedures for protecting ourselves from the harmful effects of the screen light of handheld and tabletop digital devices. Moreover, it is reinforced that the prolonged viewing time on mobile devices is one of the most serious factors that leads to health problems in the eyes.

The implementation of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in housing provision in Nigeria meant to increase urban housing provision and address housing affordability and accessibility problems. Consequently, the study aims to identify the critical success factors of Public-private partnerships for affordable housing provision in Nigeria. However, the data were obtained using interviews with PPP experts to build the questionnaire for affordable housing in Nigeria. Overall, 254 responses were obtained and analysed using smart PLS to identify PPP success factors for affordable housing in Abuja. The result shows that good governance, availability of financial markets, Sound economic policies, consistency monetary, a commitment of public and private sectors are the key parameters of PPP for affordable housing in Nigeria. Therefore, the main contributions of the article indicate that strong government intervention, dependent of foreign building materials, easier access to mortgage institutions, and provision of land at no cost are the challenges to address in order to succeed in providing affordable housing in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that a good design a framework should put in place in order to achieve the desired aim of providing affordable housing in Nigeria.

The implementation of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) in housing provision in Nigeria meant to increase urban housing provision and address housing affordability and accessibility problems. Consequently, the study aims to identify the critical success factors of Public-private partnerships for affordable housing provision in Nigeria. However, the data were obtained using interviews with PPP experts to build the questionnaire for affordable housing in Nigeria. Overall, 254 responses were obtained and analysed using smart PLS to identify PPP success factors for affordable housing in Abuja. The result shows that good governance, availability of financial markets, Sound economic policies, consistency monetary, a commitment of public and private sectors are the key parameters of PPP for affordable housing in Nigeria. Therefore, the main contributions of the article indicate that strong government intervention, dependent of foreign building materials, easier access to mortgage institutions, and provision of land at no cost are the challenges to address in order to succeed in providing affordable housing in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that a good design a framework should put in place in order to achieve the desired aim of providing affordable housing in Nigeria.

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is an important future technology, in several applications in military, health, environment and industries. Currently the integration of social and sensor is very important by considering the characteristics of social networks in designing wireless sensor networks WSN for improvement such as (number of messages from source to destination, radius of coverage, connectivity, and spreading). This area has not received much attention and few researches focus on the performance evaluation. In this paper we have studied the impact of different mobility and distribution models which is a variable one should define which model is best for the infrastructure given their differences, also study include the exact effect of nodes distribution and analyzed by calculation the number of messages of 12 cases to get a real performance evaluation under different conditions and same routing techniques. This work provides us a greater understanding and clear an idea of the effect of mobility plus distribution.