Suchergebnisse

AbstractA novel MnO2@EDTA-Ag nanocoral reef was constructed via a simplified redox reaction followed by EDTA and Ag nanoparticles impregnation to capture hazardous copper (II) from wastewater. A comprehensive characterization of the synthesized materials was conducted. The morphology of MnO2@EDTA-Ag in the form of a nanocoral reef was constructed of two-dimensional nanoplatelets and nanorod-like nanostructures. The optimal adsorption conditions proposed by the Plackett–Burman design (PBD) that would provide a removal % of 99.95 were pH 5.5, a contact time of 32.0 min, a Cu(II) concentration of 11.2 mg L−1, an adsorbent dose of 0.05 g, and a temperature of 40.3 °C. The loading of Ag nanoparticles onto MnO2@EDTA improved the adsorption capability of MnO2@EDTA-Ag. Additionally, the recyclability of MnO2@EDTA-Ag nanocoral reef was maintained at 80% after three adsorption–desorption cycles, and there was no significant change in the XRD analysis before and after the recycling process, implying its stability. It was found that nanocoral reef-assisted EDTA formed a chelation/complexation reaction between COO− groups and C–N bonds of EDTA with Cu(II) ions. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis proved the synergistic effect of the electrostatic interaction and chelation/complexation was responsible for the removal mechanism of Cu(II). Also, the results demonstrated no significant variation in MnO2@EDTA-Ag removal efficiency for all the tested real water samples, revealing its efficacy in wastewater treatment. Therefore, the current study suggests that MnO2@EDTA-Ag has substantial potential to be used as a feasible adsorbent for probable hazardous metals remediation.

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AbstractDue to the dual issues of antibiotic resistance and bioaccumulation toxicity, antibiotics are ubiquitously present in aquatic environments, and this is causing serious concern. Herein, novel nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles were successfully loaded onto activated biochar (BC) derived from banana peel (BP) to obtain magnetic nanocomposite (BC-NiFe2O4) as an effective biosorbent for the ciprofloxacin antibiotic (CIP) elimination from pharmaceutical effluent. A facile co-precipitation approach was utilized to construct the heterogeneous BC-NiFe2O4. The synthesized materials were systematically characterized using techniques such as XRD, FE-SEM, EDX, HR-TEM, BET, FTIR, and XPS. In addition, the magnetic measurements indicated the ferromagnetic behavior of the BC-NiFe2O4 sample. The influencing factors (i.e., pH, contact time, initial concentration, dose of adsorbent, ions interference, and solution temperature) of the adsorption process were also well studied. The adsorption capacity of the BC-NiFe2O4 heterostructure was 68.79 mg g−1 compared to the BC sample (35.71 mg g−1), confirming that the loading of magnetically NiFe2O4 nanoparticles onto the surface of porous biochar enhanced its stability and adsorption performance for CIP removal, wherein the metal-antibiotic complex has a significant effect for the removal of CIP. Moreover, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the pseudo-second-order model displayed a good fit for the experimental data. The values of △H° and △G° revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The coordination affinities, π-π stacking, and H-bonding interactions play a more critical role in the adsorption mechanism that confirmed by FTIR and XPS analysis. To study the stability of BC-NiFe2O4 nanocomposites, desorption and recycling studies were investigated. The results revealed that after three cycles, no significant loss in removal efficiency was detected, reflecting the stability and reusability of the prepared BC-NiFe2O4 nanocomposite.

A survey was conducted between December 2008 and March 2009 with the objective of determining the incidence of Webworm, (Loxostege massalis Walker) larvae infesting date palm (Phoenix dactylifera (L.) fruits. The study was carried out using structured questionnaire with one hundred and thirty-five date palm fruit vendors interviewed at three different business locations viz: markets, mosques and motor parks in three local government areas (LGAs) each of Katsina, Kano and Jigawa States. Results obtained clearly indicated the incidence of L. massalis larvae in date palm fruits sold in all the three States surveyed with Katsina and Kano States having the highest (5.16%) and lowest (3.33%) incidence, respectively. There was significant difference (P lessthanorequalto 0.05) in the number of larvae found in Katsina State compared to Kano and Jigawa States. Similarly, the number of fruits with larvae based on LGAs shows that, Katsina LGA was found to be significantly higher in number of larvae of L. massalis (P lessthanorequalto 0.05) compared with other LGAs in the States surveyed. There was also a significant difference (P lessthanorequalto 0.05) among the business locations with mosques having significantly lower number of date palm fruits larvae compared to markets and motor parks. The findings of this study clearly confirmed the incidence of L. massalis in marketed date palm fruits in the states surveyed with 3.95% damage to the total number of fruits collected indicating that, the insect is not of major economic importance. However, research is needed for its management. Keywords: Business location, Date palm, Incidence, Loxostege massalis and Webworm

The study was carried out in Plateau State in the year 2008-2010 to ascertain the impact of adoption of Root and Tuber Expansion Programme (RTEP) technologies on the production and income capabilities of farmers after the first phase of RTEP (2001 – 2004). The population of the study comprised all the 1020 registered RTEP farmers and the rest farmers not involved in RTEP. Proportional random sampling using 10% of participant farmers in each of the 5 Local Government Areas was used in selecting 102 Programme Participant Farmers (PPFs), while purposive sampling selection by chance of equal number of PPFs from each of the 5 local government areas was used in selecting 102 Non Programme Participant Farmers (NPPFs). Data collected by the use of structured questionnaire, were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, grand mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test). The t-test analysis result revealed that there were differences between PPFs and NPPFs and even among PPFs in their production and income capabilities, it is recommended that RTEP should be enriched and designed to be attractive as to involve greater number of rural farmers so as to achieve greater influence on the production and income capabilities of the rural farmers in Plateau State.

[ES] El área de Zug se localiza en el extremo suroccidental de la dorsal de Tiris, en el Sahara Occidental. La zona se caracteriza por el afloramiento de materiales de edad arcaica, fundamentalmente gneises y rocas graníticas fracturadas; en el sector más meridional se encuentran cubiertos por mantos de arena eólica. Se ha hecho un reconocimiento hidrogeológico de los terrenos a partir de la realización de un inventario de puntos de agua y el estudio geológico de los materiales aflorantes, llegando a diferenciar dos dominios hidrogeológicos: Zug y Azzefal. En lo referente al dominio de Zug, que es el de interés en este estudio, a partir de análisis de imágenes de satélite, trabajo de campo, realización de perfiles geofísicos, inventario de puntos de agua y análisis químicos, se han identificado tres zonas preferentes para el emplazamiento de futuras captaciones orientadas al abastecimiento en puntos clave de la población autóctona de hábitat nómada y sus rebaños: 1) abanicos aluviales, ubicados preferentemente en las laderas de los diques que recorren la dorsal de Tiris; 2) sabkhas, como lugares de concentración de escorrentías efímeras y de infiltración al subsuelo del agua acumulada; 3) zonas graníticas intensamente fracturadas. A alguno de estos tres casos obedecen los pozos existentes en esta zona. Los trabajos de geofísica han detectado que, en localizaciones concretas, la resistividad eléctrica disminuye hasta profundidades superiores a los 50 metros, abriendo una puerta a la posibilidad de encontrar agua en cantidad suficiente para cubrir las necesidades antes aludidas. La calidad del agua no es la conveniente para el abastecimiento humano, pero con el tratamiento adecuado puede potabilizarse. Queda por delante un amplio campo de investigación cuando se den las condiciones políticas estables que permitan una investigación con mayor detalle. ; [EN] The area of Zug is located in the southwestern corner of the Tiris dorsal, in the Western Sahara. The area is characterized by outcrops of materials, mainly gneisses of archaic age and fractured granitic rocks, which in the southern sector are covered by aeolian sand sheets. A hydrogeological survey of the territory has been carried out, and boreholes and dug wells have been located and analyzed and this information integrated with the sparse outcrops. Based on this study, two hydrogeological domains have been established: Zug and Azzefal. From the analysis of satellite images, field work, geophysical profiles, a well inventory and chemical analysis, three priority areas for the location of future water supply wells have been identified: 1) alluvial fans, preferably located on the slopes of the dikes that cross the Tiris dorsal; 2) sabkhas (salt flats) as places of concentration of ephemeral runoff and subsurface infiltration of accumulated water; 3) highly fractured granitic areas. Some of these three cases coincide with existing wells in this area. Electrical tomography shows how, in specific locations, low resistivity values reach 50 metres, opening up the possibility of finding sufficient water to meet the aforementioned needs. The water quality is not suitable for human supply directly from the well without chemical treatment. The area is still full of opportunities for future research, but only when a more stable political situation exists. ; Ha sido financiada gracias a una beca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). ; Peer reviewed

IMPORTANCE: Tympanic membrane retraction (TMR) is a relatively common otological finding. However, no consensus on its management exists. We are looking especially for a treatment strategy in the military population who are unable to attend frequent follow-up visits, and who experience relatively more barotrauma at great heights and depths and easily suffer from otitis externa from less hygienic circumstances. OBJECTIVE: To assess and summarize the available evidence for the effectiveness of surgical interventions and watchful waiting policy in patients with a tympanic membrane retraction. EVIDENCE REVIEW: The protocol for this systematic review was published at Prospero (207859). PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were systematically searched from inception up to September 2020 for published and unpublished studies. We included randomized trials and observational studies that investigated surgical interventions (tympanoplasty, ventilation tube insertion) and wait-and-see policy. The primary outcomes of this study were clinical remission of the tympanic membrane retraction, tympanic membrane perforations and cholesteatoma development. FINDINGS: In total, 27 studies were included, consisting of 1566 patients with TMRs. We included data from 2 randomized controlled trials (76 patients) and 25 observational studies (1490 patients). Seven studies (329 patients) investigated excision of the TMR with and without ventilation tube placement, 3 studies (207 patients) investigated the wait-and-see policy and 17 studies (1030 patients) investigated tympanoplasty for the treatment of TMRs. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This study provides all the studies that have been published on the surgical management and wait-and-policy for tympanic membrane retractions. No high level of evidence comparative studies has been performed. The evidence for the management of tympanic membrane retractions is heterogenous and depends on many factors such as the patient population, location and severity of the TMR and ...