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The study employs Western spiritual leadership theories yet is supposed to be from an Asian-Pakistani perspective. Associating Imran Khan's (IK) political communication with these spiritual leadership theories would transform them into the eastern-cum-Asian context. IK and other world leaders may communicate distinctively in public interaction. Because political/religious leaders in Pakistan frequently utilise religious references in their communication to persuade their supporters, mediating or moderating political communication or leadership communication accordingly. Thus, spiritual leadership ideas influence attitudes and behaviours religiously. This qualitative study analysed textual speeches employing a directed qualitative content method enhancing trustworthiness. Researchers transcribed IK's video speeches (2008-2022) using Notta Premium. In the findings, IK cited Islam and Islamic history, knowing that his audience values a spiritual leader who speaks about religious teachings alongside political communication and understands the importance of religious spirituality. His communication may inspire local trust and optimism. However, religious implications in political communication may confound international audiences. Thus, IK utilised local spiritual/religious leadership elements to pursue Pakistanis' devotedly influenced audience in his speeches.

Corruption is a global threat to state efficiency which is common to both developed and developing countries alike.However, corruption is more evident in developing countries such as; Sudan and its ravaging effects are particularly apparent in Sudan.However, the media contributes largely to the success of democracy in today's world.They carry a large database of information, along with their content and analyses, which could be a useful source for law makers to legislate laws and policies and for voters to choose their governments.As such, this paper set out to address the issue of corruption in Sudan within the context of Sudanese press by focusing on how media ownership and access to information influence the Sudanese press frames the coverage of issues of corruption in Sudan.This study therefore proposes a content analysis of Sudanese newspaper on their coverage of the issues of corruption.As with every other research, the limitation of this study is that, it is a conceptual paper, hence no empirical findings have been reported.Therefore, an empirical study into this issue will help researchers to explore how far the press or media in Sudan are capable of addressing anti-corruption issues in the country.

The very aim of this paper is to pull together the statistics and empirical evidence to highlight the current state of environmental awareness issue in Malaysia.Based on the issue heightened, the problem statement is then crystallized.Empirical and theoretical supports were intertwined to explain and justify as to how the potential variables suggested may contribute to the parsimony of the suggested research framework, particularly in the setting of Malaysia.The variables of interest include a dependent variable, environmental awareness; an independent variable, perceived media coverage; two moderators, namely perceived government role and green value respectively. The originality of this paper lays in the combination of these variables in a sole framework, within the specific setting of Malaysia.Specifically, the discussion and introduction of the two moderators would add to the theoretical and empirical body of knowledge, as both have not been examined as moderators in the extant studies which correlate media coverage and environmental awareness.Another contribution of this paper is the empirically-based suggestion as to why media coverage is better examined from the perspective of the end-user, and not the conventional provider-oriented perspective.In this view, the ope rationalization of media coverage is one of that oriented on the end-user, hence perceived media coverage.Towards the end, research questions and objectives were formulated to call for earnest empirical examination.

The very aim of this paper is to pull together the statistics and empirical evidence to highlight the current state of environmental awareness issue in Malaysia. Based on the issue heightened, the problem statement is then crystallized. Empirical and theoretical supports were intertwined to explain and justify as to how the potential variables suggested may contribute to the parsimony of the suggested research framework, particularly in the setting of Malaysia. The variables of interest include a dependent variable, environmental awareness; an independent variable, perceived media coverage; two moderators, namely perceived government role and green value respectively. The originality of this paper lays in the combination of these variables in a sole framework, within the specific setting of Malaysia. Specifically, the discussion and introduction of the two moderators would add to the theoretical and empirical body of knowledge, as both have not been examined as moderators in the extant studies which correlate media coverage and environmental awareness. Another contribution of this paper is the empirically-based suggestion as to why media coverage is better examined from the perspective of the end-user, and not the conventional provider-oriented perspective. In this view, the operationalization of media coverage is one of that oriented on the end-user, hence perceived media coverage. Towards the end, research questions and objectives were formulated to call for earnest empirical examination.

The springboard of conflicts in most multiethnic African societies have been alluded to the media and ethnic group leaders, however much attention has not been directed at these helixes.More so that there is a new strong concern about the increasing cases of ethnic conflicts being stimulated by dramatic surge in intolerant expressions, the hardening of ethno-political positions and the proliferation of ethnic militias that have unleashed varying degrees of violence and terror on the polity while the government interventions appeared ineffective.This motivates the main objective of this study which goes beyond understanding the immediate motives for ethnic conflicts in Nigeria but to discover the mainsprings of ethnic conflict behaviour in relation to the roles of newspaper framing and ethnic groups' attitudes alongside a long lasting solutions.Therefore, series of accusations against the Nigeria newspapers by the ethnic group leaders lead us to understand that the media are indeed insensitive on the issues of ethnic conflict. Also, that from bias framing of ethnic issues, newspapers have enormous power in setting ethnic differences which shape conflict behaviour. Another salient but veiled influences emanating from the findings are the ethnic consciousness and intolerance that have continued to impede the relationship among ethnic groups as well as progress of Nigeria. Due to high level intolerance for each other, every action and inaction is given ethnic coloration as a result conflict ensue. Meanwhile, both government and media self-regulation should be strengthened to curb the excesses that stimulate ethnic conflicts.Hence, how the newspaper presents news of ethnic issues should be a direction for future research.

Political Transformation Programme (PTP) announced by the Prime Minister of Malaysia in 2012 is forecast to have changed the political and the local media landscape.This is because, traditionally, political news coverage in the Malaysia mainstream media is often seen as unbalanced and too favourable to the ruling party.To what extend this reform has been translated into meaningfn PTP has impact Malaysia newspapers press freedom with reference to Malaysia 2013 General Election (GE13) case.Through content analysis of three highly circulated newspapers, this paper discussed the press freedom scenario in contemporary Malaysia.

Connecting with culturally diverse individuals require in-depth understanding and knowledge of intercultural competence. This paper focuses on the Malaysian students' intercultural competence in the Malaysian campus to gain insights into their social interaction. Specifically, we highlight the Malaysian students' reflection of intercultural competence based on their encounters with the international students in the Malaysian university environment. Using a qualitative approach, we collect data from in-depth interviews with the selected Malaysian undergraduate students from three universities in Northern Malaysia. The findings draw attention to two emerging themes: self-other awareness and interlingual communication strategies. The paper contributes to enhancing awareness of self and other, and language-related accommodation strategies in embracing intercultural communication.

The springboard of conflicts in most multiethnic African societies have been alluded to the media and ethnic group leaders, however much attention has not been directed at these helixes. More so that there is a new strong concern about the increasing cases of ethnic conflicts being stimulated by dramatic surge in intolerant expressions, the hardening of ethno-political positions and the proliferation of ethnic militias that have unleashed varying degrees of violence and terror on the polity while the government interventions appeared ineffective. This motivates the main objective of this study which goes beyond understanding the immediate motives for ethnic conflicts in Nigeria but to discover the mainsprings of ethnic conflict behaviour in relation to the roles of newspaper framing and ethnic groups' attitudes alongside a long lasting solutions. Therefore, series of accusations against the Nigeria newspapers by the ethnic group leaders lead us to understand that the media are indeed insensitive on the issues of ethnic conflict. Also, that from bias framing of ethnic issues, newspapers have enormous power in setting ethnic differences which shape conflict behaviour. Another salient but veiled influences emanating from the findings are the ethnic consciousness and intolerance that have continued to impede the relationship among ethnic groups as well as progress of Nigeria. Due to high level intolerance for each other, every action and inaction is given ethnic coloration as a result conflict ensue. Meanwhile, both government and media self-regulation should be strengthened to curb the excesses that stimulate ethnic conflicts. Hence, how the newspaper presents news of ethnic issues should be a direction for future research. DOI:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s1p496