Suchergebnisse

[EN] Fungal grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are some of the most pressing threats to grape production worldwide. While these diseases are associated with several fungal pathogens, Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium minimum are important contributors to esca and Petri diseases. Recent research has linked grapevine xylem diameter with tolerance to Pa. chlamydospora in commercial rootstocks. In this study, we screen over 25 rootstocks for xylem characteristics and tolerance to both Pa. chlamydospora and Pm. minimum. Tolerance was measured by fungal incidence and DNA concentration (quantified via qPCR), while histological analyses were used to measure xylem characteristics, including xylem vessels diameter, density, and the proportion of the stem surface area covered by xylem vessels. Rootstocks were grouped into different classes based on xylem characteristics to assess the potential association between vasculature traits and pathogen tolerance. Our results revealed significant differences in all the analyzed xylem traits, and also in DNA concentration for both pathogens among the tested rootstocks. They corroborate the link between xylem vessels diameter and tolerance to Pa. chlamydospora. In Pm. minimum, the rootstocks with the widest xylem diameter proved the most susceptible. This relationship between vasculature development and pathogen tolerance has the potential to inform both cultivar choice and future rootstock breeding to reduce the detrimental impact of GTDs worldwide. ; Funding This research was founded by FEDER funding through a State Program of I + D + i oriented to the Challenges of Society (RTA2015-00015-C02-00), supported by The National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA). DG was supported by the Ramon y Cajal program, Spanish Government (RyC-2017-23098). This research has been developed as a result of a mobility stay funded by the Erasmus+ KA1 Erasmus Mundus Joint Master Degrees Programme of the European Commission under the PLANT HEALTH Project. ...

The Pontocaspian (Black Sea - Caspian Sea) region has a very dynamic history of basin development and biotic evolution. The region is the remnant of a once vast Paratethys Sea. It contains some of the best Eurasian geological records of tectonic, climatic and paleoenvironmental change. The Pliocene-Quaternary co-evolution of the Black Sea-Caspian Sea is dominated by major changes in water (lake and sea) levels resulting in a pulsating system of connected and isolated basins. Understanding the history of the region, including the drivers of lake level and faunal evolution, is hampered by indistinct stratigraphic nomenclature and contradicting time constraints for regional sedimentary successions. In this paper we review and update the late Pliocene to Quaternary stratigraphic framework of the Pontocaspian domain, focusing on the Black Sea Basin, Caspian Basin, Marmara Sea and the terrestrial environments surrounding these large, mostly endorheic lake sea systems. ; C1 [Krijgsman, W.; Lazarev, S.; Hoyle, T. M.; Jorissen, E. L.] Univ Utrecht, Dept Earth Sci, Budapestlaan 17, NL-3584 Utrecht, Netherlands. ; [Tesakov, A.; Frolov, P.] Russian Acad Sci, Geol Inst, Pyzhevsky 7, Moscow 119017, Russia. ; [Yanina, T.] Lomonosov Moscow State Univ, Moscow 119991, Russia. ; [Danukalova, G.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geol, Ufimian Sci Ctr, K Marx St 16-2, Ufa 450077, Russia. ; [Van Baak, C. G. C.] CASP, West Bldg,Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0UD, England. ; [Agusti, J.] Univ Rovira & Virgili, ICREA, Inst Catala Paleoecol Humana & Evolucio Social IP, Tarragona, Spain. ; [Alcicek, M. C.] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Geol, TR-20070 Denizli, Turkey. ; [Aliyeva, E.] GIA, H Javid Av 29A, AZ-1143 Baku, Azerbaijan. ; [Bista, D.; Flecker, R.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, BRIDGE, Univ Rd, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. ; [Bista, D.; Flecker, R.] Univ Bristol, Cabot Inst, Univ Rd, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. ; [Bruch, A.] Senckenberg Forschungsinst Senckenberganlage, D-60325 Frankfurt 25, Germany. ; [Buyukmeric, Y.] Bulent Ecevit Univ, Dept Geol Engn, TR-67100 Incivez Zonguldak, Turkey. ; [Bukhsianidze, M.; Lordkipanidze, D.] Natl Museum Georgia, 3 Purtseladze St, Tbilisi 0107, Georgia. ; [Kirscher, U.] Curtin Univ, WASM, Dept Appl Geol, Earth Dynam Res Grp, Perth, WA, Australia. ; [Koriche, S. A.; Singarayer, J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. ; [Koriche, S. A.; Singarayer, J.] Univ Reading, Ctr Climate Change, Reading, Berks, England. ; [Kroonenberg, S. B.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Appl Earth Sci, NL-2600 Delft, Netherlands. ; [Oms, O.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Fac Ciencies, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. ; [Rausch, L.; Stoica, M.] Bucharest Univ, Dept Paleontol, Balcescu Bd 1, Bucharest 010041, Romania. ; [van de Velder, S.; Wesselingh, F. P.] Nat Biodivers Ctr, POB 9517, NL-2300 Leiden, Netherlands. ; [Titov, V. V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Arid Zones, Chekhova 41, Rostov Na Donu 344006, Russia.